The results of a basic biochemical examination performed 2 weeks earlier were normal. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed hypoproteinemia (65 g/L; reference interval, 68– 73 g/L), associated with decreased γ globulins (4 g/L; reference interval, 9–15 g/L) but without a detectable paraprotein band. An assay for serum free light chain showed decreased κ light chains (0.5 mg/L; reference interv...

The immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains (H2L2). Transport of this heteromeric complex is dependent on the correct assembly of the component parts, which is controlled, in part, by the association of incompletely assembled Ig heavy chains with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, BiP. Although other heavy chain-constant domai...

an ideal orthodontic force system should exert continuous light force. thus, many efforts have been made to improve the memory characteristics of elastomeric chains. the aim of this study was to compare elastomeric chains (ecs) claimed by their manufacturers to offer high memory with traditional ones according to their force-extension diagrams.in this in-vitro study, ecs were divided into six g...

Reference 1. Assi LK, McIntyre N, Fraser S, Harris S, Hutchison CA, McIntyre CW, et al. (2015) The Association between Polyclonal Combined Serum Free Light Chain Concentration and Mortality in Individuals with Early Chronic Kidney Disease. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0129980. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129980 PMID: 26132658 Fig 4. Correlation of cFLC and eGFR. There was a significant inverse association wi...