A water-in-oil adjuvanted FMD vaccine was formulated and tested in weanling fattening pigs. Following inoculation by either the subcutaneous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal routes, the vaccine induced a rapid onset of immunity demonstrable by challenge as early as 7 days post-inoculation. Duration of immunity following a single inoculation at the time of weaning provided protection against ch...

BACKGROUND Although brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) predicts recurrent cardiovascular events, its predictive value for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in adults free of CVD is not well established. We assessed the predictive value of FMD for incident CVD events in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS AND RESULTS Brachial artery FMD was measured i...

Sera was collected from village livestock during the vaccination trial in 21 northern Thai villages. Animals from the project database were divided into two groups. Those with 10glO serum neutralisation test (SNT) titres of < 1.2 to all three serotypes (A, 0, and Asia I) were classified as seronegative and those with a higher titre to at least one were classed as seropositive. At the start of t...

A plasmid DNA vaccine candidate (pCEIS) encoding two foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) has been demonstrated to have the ability to elicit both FMDV-specific T cell proliferation and neutralizing antibody against FMD in swine. In this study, the efficiency of the pCEIS DNA vaccine when administrated by intramuscularly injection in swine w...

BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Uganda in spite of the control measures used. Various aspects of the maintenance and circulation of FMD viruses (FMDV) in Uganda are not well understood; these include the role of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as a reservoir for FMDV. To better understand the epidemiology of FMD at the livestock-wildlife-interface, samples were colle...

OBJECTIVE It is unknown whether endothelial dysfunction precedes atrial fibrillation (AF) development. The objective of this study was to examine the association of brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with incident AF. APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 2936 participants (mean age, 61±9.9 years; 50% women; 66% nonwhites) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with available ultrasound ...

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a member of the Picornaviridae family of viruses, which includes viruses that cause a number of high consequence human and animal diseases in addition to Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, polio, and encephalomyocarditis. FMDV infects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals, including bovine, caprine, ovine and s...

Antigenic variation of type Asia 1 foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus in Thailand was examined using a total of 50 field viruses isolated between 1986 and 1992. A two-dimensional serum neutralisation test was used to calculate r values for comparison of these isolates with a reference vaccine strain, Asia 1 Bangkok 1960 (BKK/60). Viruses were also compared to two field isolates, Asia 1 36-2/88 ...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and certain wildlife species. The disease can cause massive economic losses when introduced into countries that were free from the infection, generating negative effects due to reduced animal productivity and restrictions on international livestock trade. Following 15 year...

BACKGROUND The relationship between impaired brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and subsequent clinical cardiovascular events is not well established, especially in older adults whose FMD is often diminished. We assessed the hypothesis that FMD predicts incident cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort of older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS FMD was measured at the 1997 to 1998 Card...