abstract the theory of hardship is a situation in which the implementation of contractual obligation, as a result of unpredictable events that are out of control, becomes economically difficult and expensive without being physically impossible and distorts the balance of the contract. in such a situation, the hardship theory is applied to restore the balance of the contract. this matter has var...

Real-world business relationships have an essentially cooperative nature. However, when modeling contractual norms using normative multi-agent systems, it is typical to give norms a strict and domain independent semantics. We argue that in B2B contract enactment cooperation should be taken into account when modeling contractual commitments through obligations. We introduce an approach to model ...

Objective: To study the relation of contractual and perceived employment security to employee health. Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Municipal sector employees in eight Finnish towns. Participants: 5981 employees with a permanent contract and 2786 employees with a non-permanent contract (2194 fixed term contract, 682 government subsidised contract). Outcome measures: Poor self rated h...

We investigate the problem of locally monitoring contract regulated behaviours agent-based in web services. We encode contract clauses in service specifications by using extended timed automata. We propose a non intrusive local monitoring framework along with an API to monitor the fulfilment (or violation) of contractual obligations. We illustrate our methodology by monitoring a service composi...

In Hordaland county in Norway, performance-based contracts between the transport authority and the bus operators were signed in year 2000. This paper will investigate the development of this particular contractual type. Apart from a more limited performance-based contract in Oslo, Hordaland was the first county in Norway to adopt a principle of performance-based contracts. The key characteristi...

Background A short-term protocol for evaluation of National Football League (NFL) athletes incurring concussion has yet to be fully defined and framed in the context of the short-term potential team and career longevity, financial risk, and performance. Purpose To compare the short-term career outcomes for NFL players with concussions by analyzing the effect of concussions on (1) franchise re...

Internet design principles do not focus on commercial service provisioning. Hence, support mechanisms need to be implemented in order to ensure that value added services can be offered in a competitive context. Commercial product offerings base on contractual agreements concluded between service providers and service customers. Contracts need to reflect business-driven requirements originating ...