BACKGROUND Smoking accounts for a large proportion of cancer-related mortality, creating a need for better smoking cessation efforts. We investigated whether gain-framed messages (ie, presenting benefits of quitting) will be a more persuasive method to encourage smoking cessation than standard-care messages (ie, presenting both costs of smoking [loss-framed] and benefits of quitting). METHODS...

The design of tall buildings essentially involves a conceptual design, approximate analysis, preliminary design and optimization, to safely carry gravity and lateral loads. The design criteria are, strength, serviceability, stability and human comfort. The strength is satisfied by limit stresses, while serviceability is satisfied by drift limits in the range of H/500 to H/1000. Stability is sat...

At present, the tubular structural systems are mainly used in tall buildings to withstand earthquake loads. Although it is possible to analyse the structure by finite element methods using standard three dimensional programs, the system is generally time-consuming and expensive in the primary design work. In this paper, for the analysis of Framed-Tube systems, a simple method was studied and de...

A parametric formulation for preliminary design of tubed-system tall buildings is presented in which some optimality criteria and practical constraints are considered. Here, a minimum compliance optimization formulation, developed by other researchers, is applied to a framed-tube structure. The tube behavior is modeled as a cantilevered box beam. Independent variable in this problem is thicknes...

Structural systems for tall buildings have gone through an evolutionary process. The rigid frame became popular in the first half of 20th century but proved to be structurally inefficient beyond a certain height buildings. invention tubular structure 1960s allowed built taller with low material consumption. Due obstructive nature closely spaced exterior columns framed tubes and bracings braced ...

Selection of wind force resisting system is an important decision in the design tall buildings, especially for those located hurricane prone regions. Rigid frames, shear walls, braced framed tube, bundled tube and hybrid are common structural forms used to resist lateral forces produced due wind. Cables have a great potential be as element. Cable stayed hanging bridges guyed towers applications...