We investigate the dynamics and spatial distribution of land use fragmentation in a rapidly urbanizing region of the United States to test key propositions regarding the evolution of sprawl. Using selected pattern metrics and data from 1973 and 2000 for the state of Maryland, we find significant increases in developed and undeveloped land fragmentation but substantial spatial heterogeneity as w...

Few studies have focused explicitly on the later stages of the fragmentation process, or "late-stage fragmentation", during which habitat area and patch number decrease simultaneously. This lack of attention is despite the fact that many of the anthropogenically fragmented habitats around the world are, or soon will be, in late-stage fragmentation. Understanding the ecological processes and pat...

In this study the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of human neutrophilic granulocytes was investigated in the presence and absence of fetal calf serum (FCS), cycloheximide and actinomycin-D. The results show that when FCS is omitted from cultures, apart from a decrease in viability, the percentage of apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation increases. Apoptosis is accelerated in serum withdra...

Area utilization is poor in reconfigurable operating systems due to fragmentation of placement resources caused by dynamic addition and deletion of tasks. We attempt to quantify the amount of fragmentation of the area resources. Main assertion of our fragmentation model is that each empty cell on the FPGA offers different fragmentation depending upon other empty cells in its vicinity. Our model...

Fragmentation processes of exchangeable partitions have already been studied by several authors. This paper deals with fragmentations of exchangeable compositions, i.e. partitions of N in which the order of the blocks matters. We will prove that such a fragmentation is bijectively associated to an interval fragmentation. Using this correspondence, we then study two examples : Ruelle’s interval ...

There are many types of Oracle database fragmentation. Some are harmful and some are not. An active Oracle database will naturally foster harmful database fragmentation unless the DBA takes proactive application design and space management steps. This paper addresses tablespace freespace, segment, data block, index leaf block, and row fragmentation. Each fragmentation type is described in detai...

Class fragmentation is an important task in the design of Distributed OODBs and there are many algorithms handling it. Almost none of them deals however with the class fragmentation order details. We claim that class fragmentation order can induce severe performance penalties if not considered in the fragmentation phase. We propose here two variants of an algorithm for finding the optimal class...

Fragmentation of forest types is an indicator of biodiversity in the Montreal Process, but the available national data permit assessment of only overall forestland fragmentation, not forest type fragmentation. Here we illustrate how to localize national statistics from the 2003 National Report on Sustainable Forests by combining state vegetation maps with national forestland fragmentation maps....