In this paper, we aim to achieve two specific objectives. The first one is to examine the applicability of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique in ore grade estimation. Different training algorithms and numbers of hidden neurons are applied to estimate Cu grade of borehole data in the hypogene zone of porphyry copper-gold deposit, Masjed-Daghi, East Azerbaijan Province (Iran). The ef...

Model-based diagnostic reasoning often leads to a large number of diagnostic hypotheses. The set of diagnoses can be reduced by taking into account extra observations (passive monitoring), measuring additional variables (probing) or executing additional tests (sequential diagnosis/test sequencing). In this paper we combine the above approaches with techniques from Automated Test Pattern Generat...

Fractal growth is a kind of allometric growth, and the allometric scaling exponents can be employed to describe growing fractal phenomena such as cities. The spatial features of the regular fractals can be characterized by fractal dimension. However, for the real systems with statistical fractality, it is incomplete to measure the structure of scaling invariance only by fractal dimension. Somet...

  Background & Objectives: Cancer is a serious problem for human being and is becoming a serious problem day-by-day .A prerequisite for any therapeutic modality is early diagnosis. Automated cancer diagnosis by automatic image feature extraction procedures can be used as a feature extraction in the field of fractal dimension. The aim of this survey was to introduce a quantitative and objective...

This paper presents the design of rectangular, fractal Microstrip patch antenna and their backscattering reduction. These antennas have been designed on εr = 4.3, h = 1.53 mm substrate with rectangular patch dimension 36.08 x 29.6 mm and its 2 iterative fractal patch. The experimental resonant frequency of 2 iterative fractal patch is observed 2.11 GHz in comparison to rectangular patch 2.42 GH...

Most of the known methods for estimating the fractal dimension of fractal sets are based on the evaluation of a single geometric characteristic, e.g. the volume of its parallel sets. We propose a method involving the evaluation of several geometric characteristics, namely all the intrinsic volumes (i.e. volume, surface area, Euler characteristic etc.) of the parallel sets of a fractal. Motivate...

Infinity is where things happen that don't. — S. Knight Ever since Benoit Mandelbrot published his book on fractals [1], we've become accustomed to seeing fantastic and beautiful fractal images such as the ones at the bottom of the pages of this article. A fractal is a mathematical object that exhibits self similarity — it looks the same at any scale. If you zoom in on an image of a fractal, yo...