Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkable at disrupting human immunity to establish chronic infection. Upregulation of inhibitory signaling pathways (such as T cell Ig and mucin domain protein-3 [Tim-3]) and accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) play pivotal roles in suppressing antiviral effector T cell (Teff) responses that are essential for viral clearance. Although the Tim-3 pathway has be...

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) that express the transcription factor Foxp3 are instrumental in the induction and maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance and the regulation of tumor immunity and infection1–8. The differentiation of Foxp3+ Treg cells requires transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling9–13; however, the molecular pathways that transduce this signal remain largely unknown. ...

It is well established that CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in the course of different infectious diseases. However, contradictory results have been published regarding to malaria infection. In this study, we report that specific ablation of Foxp3(+) Tregs in Plasmodium yoelii-infected DEREG-BALB/c mice leads to an increase in T cell activation accompanied b...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) obtain immunosuppressive capacity by the upregulation of forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3), and persistent expression of this transcription factor is required to maintain their immune regulatory function and ensure immune homeostasis. Stable Foxp3 expression is achieved through epigenetic modification of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), an evolutionarily con...

BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) is an important factor for development and function of Regulatory T cells (Treg). Studies have found an association between common gene polymorphisms in FoxP3 and some infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible associations between two Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter of the FoxP3 gene to susceptibility to ...

BACKGROUND Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells may promote differentiation of CD4+ naïve T cells toward both FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells and TIA-1+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Previous studies suggest that an overabundance of cytotoxic TIA-1+ cells in relation to FoxP3+ T reg cells portends unfavorable outcomes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), raising the possibility that its pathoge...

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice, regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) are neuroprotective, slowing disease progression. To address whether Tregs and FoxP3, a transcription factor required for Treg function, similarly influence progression rates of ALS patients, T-lymphocytes from patients were assessed by flow cytometry. Both numbers of Tregs and their FoxP3 protein expressions were red...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical regulators of asthma. Crocetin is isolated from Chinese herb saffron and is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid with anti-inflammatory potential. However, the effects of Crocetin on asthma as well as the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. METHODS We used Crocetin to treat mice with established ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. ...