The most perplexing international problem concerning the fate of our planet is the issue of global warming. There are a number of complex factors governing the resolution of this extremely important environmental challenge. The decrease in world-wide fossil fuel reserves coupled with an increase in carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of hydrocarbons makes it imperative that alternative...

Replacement of fossil fuels with new sustainable resources is becoming crucial due to depleting petroleum reserves, increasing global energy demand, and arising environmental concerns. Lignocellulosic biomass can be an alternative to fossil resources as a sustainable and environmentally friendly feedstock for producing chemicals and fuels. One of the major challenges of biomass-based technologi...

This invited keynote paper is the most recent among similar reviews published by the author, update to year 2011. In a format similar to that in past reviews, recent estimates and forecasts of the conventional fossil fuel resources and their reserve/production ratio, nuclear power, and renewable energy potential, and energy uses are surveyed. A brief discussion of the status, sustainability (ec...

INTRODUCTION Today’s electricity generation and transportation depend heavily on fossil fuels. As such, electricity generation and transportation have become two major sources of CO2 emissions leading to global warming. The concerns over environmental pollution and finite fossil fuel resources have spurred great interest in generating cleaner electricity from renewable energy sources such as so...

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the energy and environmental benefits of cultivating hybrid poplars as a biomass crop for cellulosic ethanol. A "Life Cycle Assessment" (LCA) methodology is used to systematically evaluate the hybrid poplar's energy input and output as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The system boundary is divided into three sections, agriculture, transportati...

District heating has been available in Sweden since the 1950s and used more than half of the total energy use in dwelling and no-residential premises in 2013. Energy and exergy efficient conversion and energy resources are key factors to reduce the environmental impact. It is important to understand energy and exergy flows from both the supply and demand sides. The exergy method is also a usefu...

In recent years, governments, industry and academia have all invested increasing amounts of time, effort and resources into the production of biorenewable fuels. This interest owes, among other reasons, to our planet's growing demand for energy, depletion of fossil fuel resources and the negative effect of drilling for and burning fossil fuels on the health of our eco-systems and atmospheric ch...

Today, the widespread use of fossil fuels is caused many problems in the world, which include: Ozone depletion, the increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, growing recognition of climate change impacts and decreasing fossil fuel resources. These issues have led to an increased interest in the mass generation of electricity from renewable sources such tidal energy. The Khowr-e Musa Estuary, l...

A bunch of factors including the limited fossil resources and rising of fossil fuel price have been causes moving to create the new structure that is based on providing energy security, and protect the environment. One of the alternatives is the fuel cell (FC). Maximum power point tracker has an important role to increase the efficiency of the FC systems. One of the difficulties in maximum powe...