OBJECTIVE To assess the 9-month HIV-free survival of children with two strategies to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission. DESIGN Nonrandomized interventional cohort study. SETTING Four public health centres in Rwanda. PARTICIPANTS Between May 2005 and January 2007, all consenting HIV-infected pregnant women were included. INTERVENTION Women could choose the mode of feeding for thei...

BACKGROUND The benefits of breastfeeding for improved health and developmental outcomes in mothers and their infants have been widely recognized. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether feeding modes influence maternal blood pressure at one month postpartum. METHODS The pregnancy charts of 407 women who delivered at a birthing center in rural Japan between August 1998 and Septe...

Threonine is an essential amino acid necessary for synthesis of intestinal (glyco)proteins such as mucin MUC2 to maintain adequate gut barrier function. In premature infants, reduced barrier function may contribute to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk protects against NEC compared with infant formula. Therefore, we hypothesized that formula feeding decreases the MUC...

OBJECTIVE To investigate feeding practices in infants under the age of 4 months in Liverpool, England with particular reference to the cost of infant feeding. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey consisting of self-completion questionnaires and interviews. SETTING Subjects' homes within Central and South Liverpool Primary Care Trust areas. SUBJECTS One hundred and forty-nine women (aged 18 to ...

Background: The attitude towards lactation is one of the best predictors of breastfeeding. Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS) is used to measure the attitude toward lactation. IIFAS is a valid and reliable tool but factorial structure of this tool was reported various in different studies. The aim of this study is to assess factorial structure of IIFAS. Materials and Methods: An extens...

Noting the general decline of breastfeeding with the increasing use of formula-feeding, UNICEF and the World Health Organisation, in 1979, recommended the adoption of an international code of marketing of infant formula and other products used as breast-milk substitutes.2 The International Code was adopted by the World Health Assembly (including New Zealand) in May 1981. ‘The aim of this Code i...

The sequential changes in intestinal lactase activity of 40 neonates were measured indirectly from the differential uptake and excretion of lactose and the non-metabolisable disaccharide lactulose contained in formula feeds. A daily decline in urinary lactose:lactulose excretion ratios, reflecting a rise in intestinal lactase activity, followed formula feeding. Percentage decline was related di...

BACKGROUND It is recommended that formula-fed infants are given standard whey-based infant formula throughout the first year of life, unless otherwise advised by healthcare professionals. To our knowledge it has not yet been explored if parents are using a whey-based infant formula throughout the first 12 months of life. Reasons for parental choice of formula are also unknown. Therefore, the ob...