Energy and nitrogen balances were performed in 12 very low birthweight infants fed on either human milk or on a preterm formula. Energy and nitrogen retention were significantly higher in those given the formula feed (p less than 0.05). Highly significant correlations were found between nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention and between energy retention and nitrogen retention (p less than 0.001...

OBJECTIVE To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assesse...

BACKGROUND The average incidence of preterm birth in the world is up to 11.1 %, and deaths of preterm children account for more than 50 % of neonatal deaths. Gastrointestinal function of preterm children with a gestational age less than 34 weeks is immaturely developed. For preterm children who can only be fed with formula due to their mothers' sickness, choosing a suitable formula can not only...

AIMS Iron deficiency anaemia is associated, in observational studies, with developmental disadvantage. This study tested the hypothesis that feeding iron supplemented formula from 9 to 18 months of age would improve developmental performance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 493 healthy children aged 9 months being fed pasteurised cows' milk were recruited from three UK centres. They were randomised to: ...

Background and Aim: Palmitic acid (PA, C16:0), one of the major saturated fatty acids in human milk fat being 17-25% of the fatty acids, is esterified mainly at the SN2-position (SN2-palmitate). Contrary in vegetable oils, which are commonly used as fat source in infant formulas, PA is esterified mainly at the outer positions, i.e, SN1 and SN3 positions, resulting in reduced fat absorption and ...

BACKGROUND the addition of oligosaccharides to infant formula has been shown to mimic some of the beneficial effects of human milk. The aim of the study was to assess the tolerance and safety of a formula containing an innovative mixture of oligosaccharides in early infancy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS this study was performed as a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled...

Bone disease with persistent reduced bone mineralisation is common in premature infants. To test the hypothesis that enhancement of nutritional intake after discharge from hospital improves bone mineralisation, 31 formula fed preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive standard or multinutrient enriched milk from the time of discharge. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the enriched m...

Mixed feeding confers excess risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV compared with exclusive breastfeeding and exclusive formula feeding. We undertook a qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional survey to identify the social determinants of mixed feeding among a subset of the 469 HIV-infected women enrolled in a MTCT prevention program in Jos, Nigeria. Formula was provided free-of...

BACKGROUND Early-life nutrition may influence later body composition. The effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on infant body composition is uncertain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined body composition in healthy, term infants in relation to breastfeeding or formula feeding. DESIGN PubMed was searched for human studies that reporte...