OBJECTIVE To study the effect of analgesia caused by a local anesthetic agent (Lidocaine) in morphine dependent and independent rats. METHODS We carried out this experimental study in the Neuroscience Research Center of Kerman Medical University, Iran in 2003. We evaluated 2 groups of morphine dependent and independent rats. Morphine dependency was induced orally, and formalin was used as a n...

background: studies have emphasized the effect of trigonella foenum-graecum extract on the reduction of pain and inflammation. objective: in this research we investigated the mechanisms of trigonella foenum-graecum extract in reducing pain and inflammation induced by formalin. methods: male albino mice (weight 20 - 25 g) were evaluated through the injection of 2 microliters of formalin to the p...

Formalin merupakan salah satu senyawa kimia yang sering ditambahkan kepada ikan dan seafood. Padasaat paparan formalin masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia, maka hal tersebut sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi kandungan pada sampel seafood berasal beberapa pasar lokal di kota Samarinda. Metode bersifat deskriptif observational terhadap 149 uji as...

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) is an important component in a brainstem system involved in the endogenous modulation of nociception and defensive behavior. The present study was conducted to determine if opioid receptors within the vPAG contribute to the hypoalgesia seen in rats during presentation of a Pavlovian CS for footshock. Independent groups of animals received microinject...

Introduction: Although formalin-induced activity in primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal ‎horn is well described, the midbrain neural basis underlying each phase of behavior in ‎formalin test has not been clarified. The present study was designed to investigate the nucleus ‎cuneiformis (CnF)‎‏ ‏neuronal responses during two phases after subcutaneous injection of ‎formalin into the hind paw...

Gabapentin and carbamazepine like anti epileptics are being used now a days to treat a number of diseases associated with neuropathic pain. The aim of this study is to observe whether novel anticonvulsants are able to produce analgesic response in pain conditions of acute and chronic type. This study observed the analgesic effect of lamotrigine in rats by biphasic nociceptive pain model of form...

Introduction: Pain as a complex process in central nervous system (CNS) has been studied by many researchers. Pain is controlled by several CNS pathways, one of the most important of which, is the descending noradrenergic system. This system begins from locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus in pons and ends in the spinal cord. In this research, the effect of pain induced by formalin was studied. Met...

Introduction: The health hazards resulting from exposure to formalin have given rise the need of developing safer alternative fixatives. Almond oil has been widely used in aromatherapy and cosmetic industry for its good penetrating skin-rejuvenating properties, whereas vitamin E is a known anti-oxidant. present study aimed test fixative efficacy almond with as compared formalin.
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BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The hippocampal formation is involved in nociception. Prenatal serotonin depletion results in a significant decrease in the concentration of nociceptive sensitivity during the second phase of behavioral response in the formalin test. METHODS A microdialysis probe was inserted via a guide cannula into the right CA1 region of the hippocampus. Extracellula...

BACKGROUND The authors evaluated the effect of intrathecal mixture of ginsenosides with neostigmine on formalin-induced nociception and made further clear the role of the spinal muscarinic (M) receptors on the activity of ginsenosides. METHODS A catheter was located in the intrathecal space of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pain was evoked by injection of formalin solution (5%, 50 µl) to the hindp...