In this paper, we address the difficult task of moving objects segmentation and matting in dynamic scenes. Toward this end, we propose a new automatic way to integrate a background subtraction (BGS) and an alpha matting technique via a heuristic seeds selection scheme. Specifically, our method can be divided into three main steps. First, we use a novel BGS method as attention mechanisms, genera...

Background risk can influence the performance of insurance markets that must deal with adverse selection when applicants are risk vulnerable, since they are more averse to bearing the insurable risk as a result of their exposures to background risk. We show that background risk always results in a lower deductible for the incentive constrained contract, and that a broader range of markets attai...

In this paper, a new effective optimization algorithm called PGHA is presented, which combines in the most effective way the properties of two of the most popular evolutionary optimization approaches now in use for the optimization of electromagnetic structures, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). Some improved genetic mechanisms based on non-linear ranking select...

In this paper we introduce a novel approach of foreground-background-shadow separation. Our method tries to extract the accurate silhouettes of foreground objects even if they have partly background like colors and shadows are observable on the image. It does not need any a priory information about the shapes of the objects, it assumes only they are not point-wise. The method exploits temporal ...

Matting is a useful tool for image and video editing where foreground objects need to be extracted and pasted onto a different background. A matte is represented by α which defines the opacity of a pixel and is a value in [0, 1], with 0 for background (B) pixels and 1 for foreground (F) pixels. There are three main approaches for image matting: In samplingbased approaches, a foreground-backgrou...

Gene identification is the process of identifying genomic DNA regions that encode proteins. It has a wide range applications in structural genomics, functional metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and other genetic-related studies such as genetic disorder detection, treatment prevention. There are several methods for finding genes, including ab-initio method (intrinsic) sequence similarit...

Cosmological sources of gravitational wave backgrounds can be hidden by “foreground” sources: signals produced recently by normal astrophysical sources. Here, we briefly examine one such foreground source: the signals produced by the inspiral of Double Neutron Star (DNS) binaries. We do simple estimates of the spectrum and statistical properties of the resulting foreground, and discuss when the...

Detection of a large void (∼7 Mpc) is reported between the redshifts 2.16286 and 2.20748 in the Ly α forest of TOL 1038-2712. This void is centered near a foreground QSO TOL 1037-2704 which is at a distance ∼4.4 Mpc away from the void. The estimated probability for the void to occure by chance in front of the foreground QSO is few times 10 −3. Various implications of the void being produced by ...

This article presents an active wavelength selection algorithm for multicomponent analysis with tunable infrared sensors. Traditional techniques for wavelength selection operate off-line; as a result, the resulting feature subset is fixed and only optimal for the specific mixtures and noise levels in the training set. To address this limitation, the proposed algorithm interleaves the wavelength...