Problem solving in Answer Set Programming consists of two steps, a first grounding phase, systematically replacing all variables by terms, and a second solving phase computing the stable models of the obtained ground program. An intricate part of both phases is the treatment of aggregates, which are popular language constructs that allow for expressing properties over sets. In this paper, we el...

Meaningfully managing the relationship between representations and the entities they represent remains a challenge in robotics known as grounding. Useful insights can be found by approaching robotic systems development specifically with the grounding and symbol grounding problem in mind. In particular, Semantic Web technologies turn out to be not merely applicable to web-based software agents, ...

For first-order probabilistic knowledge representation, grounding is an important means to define a semantics for knowledge bases which extends the propositional semantics. However, naive approaches to grounding may give rise to conflicts and inconsistencies, in particular, if the formalism involves point probabilities, in contrast to using approximative or interval-based probabilities. In this...

Based on the National Bureau of Standards [presently called The National Institute of Standards and Technology or “NIST”] statistical data on corrosion of steel, an equation is introduced to estimate the corrosion rate of underground steel. The variables include the major soil characteristics (parameters), namely: resistivity, pH value, moisture content and aeration. This formula, together with...

In this paper, a discourse modeller for conversational spoken dialogue systems, called GALATEA, is presented. Apart from handling the resolution of ellipses and anaphora, it tracks the “grounding status” of concepts that are mentioned during the discourse, i.e. information about who said what when. This grounding information also contains concept confidence scores that are derived from the spee...

Lightning protection system (LPS) for wind power generation has become an important public issue due to greatly increasing installations of wind turbines (WTs) worldwide. Grounding system is one of the most important components required for appropriate LPS for WTs. Although the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell`s equations is difficult for computing earth potential...

Some of the design requirements for power transmission line grounding in highly resistive soil to reduce lightning flashback rate are often contradictory, such as: low values of both low-frequency ground resistance and high-frequency (HF) ground impedance. Former requires larger dimensions of the grounding electrodes that lead to higher values of their HF impedance due to inductive effects. Pap...

Abstract As it is presently employed, grounding permits many things from one ground. In this paper, I show why a mistake by pushing for uniqueness principle on grounding. After arguing in favor of principle, say something about and kinds grounding, discuss similar consider its import formal feature ontology, ontological simplicity.

This paper is divided in two sections. The first one gives a procedure for the design of grounding systems, demonstrating the need of considering more complex soil structures, as the two layers soil model, in the design of safety grounding grids. The second section presents a transient model of a buried electrode based on the transmission line approach. The model enables to take into account th...

In this article, we consider how semantics of action verbs can be grounded on motion tracking data. We present the basic principles and requirements for grounding of verbs through case studies related to human movement. The data includes high-dimensional movement patterns and linguistic expressions that people have used to name these movements. We discuss open issues and possibilities related t...