Mixing has been one of the important parameters in characterizing and designing external air-lift bioreactors for the biological processes that require intensive mixing for mass transfer. In this study, pH tracer method was employed to characterize the mixing quality of a three-phase laboratory-scale external-loop air-lift bioreactor (EALR) used for cultivation of a pelletized filamentous funga...

an asymptotically stable direct adaptive fuzzy pi sliding modecontroller is proposed for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems. in contrast toother existing approaches of handling disturbances, the proposed approachdoes not require this bound to be known, only requiring that it exists.moreover, a pi control structure is used to attenuate chattering. the approachis applied to stabilize an open-...

A dissolved methane sensor based on silicone tube was designed, constructed and optimized.The silicone tube diameter, silicone tube length and helium flow rate (as the carrier gas(were considered as process parameters to be optimized.A continuous stream of helium (50 mL/min) was directed through the tubing, sweeping out the...

Solid-state fermentation requires the development of more efficient cultivation systems for its industrial application. The objective this work was to evaluate effect aeration regime on production biomass and several lignocellulolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase, endoxylanase, β-glucosidase, total cellulases) by Trametes versicolor in a novel fixed-bed solid-state pilot-scale bioreac...

Two phase gas-liquid flow pattern in a horizontal pipeline is predicted very accurately using a newly-developed analytical relation. The pattern identification is based on one of the most widely used graphs, the Baker diagram, modified in a way that compensates for the unrealistic oversimplifications of recent works. The Kern's method of pressure drop calculation is used to obtain the frict...

This paper studies the effect of various mitigation loop configurations namely: single horizontal mitigation loop (two conductors), two separate horizontal mitigation loops (four conductors) and single vertical mitigation loop (two conductors), on the magnetic field produced by 220 kV double-circuit overhead transmission line. Also, in this paper a further reduction in the magnetic field is ach...