Field studies in citrus were conducted to compare the following as attractants for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew): torula yeast-borax; propylene glycol (10%); a two-component lure consisting of ammonium acetate and putrescine; a two-component lure consisting of ammonium bicarbonate and putrescine; and a three-component lure consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine hy...

The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases (TRAPs) are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various phosphate esters and anhydrides under acidic reaction conditions. Because the bound metal ions confer an intense color on these enzymes they are also known as purple acid phosphatases (PAPs). Resistance to inhibition by high concentrations of the competitive inhibitor L 1 tartr...

Broomcorn seed (Sorghum vulgare) was used as raw material for bioethanol production. Optimum conditions were obtained from response surface method. Broomcorn seed flour (45 g/l) was treated by alkaline treatment and dual enzymatic hydrolysis (0.7 g/l of α- amylase and 0.42 g/l of amyloglucosidase). The hydrolyzed total sugar of 25.5 g/L was used in conventional bioethanol production (8.1 g/l) u...

pattern has been devised :? An empty ghi tin is placed upright and cut across the top medially. A similar cut is made parallel across the front of the tin about three inches from the bottom and the cut extended up each side to meet the top cut, the part removed being shaped like a banker's shovel. A modified pattern is made by cutting perpendicularly through the top to within three inches of th...

Female Red-winged Blackbirds and Brown-headed Cowbirds re-entered a decoy trap with greater frequency than did the males. It appeared that this difference in behavior was due to the location of the trap in the breeding territories of these two species. Although the Brown-headed Cowbird is a nest parasite, it does exhibit many of the same breeding territorial relationships between the sexes as t...

A wide variety of antiangiogenic agents are now being tested in late-stage cancer patients as stand-alone agents or in combination with standard therapy (1). Although there have been mixed reviews so far, a success story appears to be emerging (2). In a recently concluded Phase III clinical trial involving patients with advanced colon cancer, Avastin [antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEG...

Some DNA viruses overcome plant defenses by producing a suppressor protein that blocks the silencing of viral genes.