In natural gas exploitation, foam drainage, corrosion inhibition and hydrate of wellbore fluid are conventional operations. However, there is often a problem where multiple chemical agents cannot be effectively used together can only separately, resulting in complex production processes. this study, the final integrated formulation was determined: 0.1% sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOST) + 0.3...

the momentum equation in the kinematic wave model is a power-law equation with two parameters. these parameters, which relate the discharge to the flow area, are commonly derived using manning’s equation. in general, the values of these parameters depend on the flow depth except for some special cross sections. in this paper, improved estimates of the kinematic wave parameters for circular chan...

Foam injection is becoming a standard conditioning agent when tunnelling with an earth-pressure balanced shield, resulting in an increasing interest in this technique. The technique is mostly based on empirical rules and experience. To be able to determine what foam and how may foam has to be injected for different soils, it is necessary to know the mechanical parameters of the foam-water-soil ...

We probe the drainage and imbibition dynamics of foams in which the continuous aqueous phase is a transient gel-like network. To produce these foams, we provide a new method - a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) solution is first foamed and then a cross-linker, Borax, is added, which binds reversibly to the PVA chains. The resulting foams are ultra-stable-over a month. We find that the typical time for g...

The drainage of liquid through a foam involves flow in channels, also called Plateau borders, which generally are long and slender. We model this flow by assuming the flow is unidirectional, the shear is transverse to the flow direction, and the liquid/gas interfaces are mobile and characterized by a Newtonian surface viscosity, which does not depend on the shear rate. Numerical finite differen...

Currently there is gaining interest in pre-compressed foam sealing tapes to seal joints watertight between different building envelope components. Little no information available on the parameters affecting resistance of these driving rain. On other hand, several research studies have shown that water leakages can be expected at relatively low-pressure differences and drainage should provided. ...

Aiming at improving the stability of Supercritical CO 2 (SC-CO ) foam in high temperature and salinity reservoirs, a kind betaine surfactant, Hexadecyl Hydroxypropyl Sulfo Betaine (HHSB), was screened to stabilize SC-CO foam. The properties were improved elevated pressure. effects surfactant concentration, temperature, pressure on film drainage rate measured explore results showed that an incre...

Application of foam in EOR, increases macroscopic sweep efficiency via awesome increscent of mobility control. Macroscopic manifestation of foam application performance in porous media is complex process that involves several interacting microscopic foam events. Stability as an important factor in foam injection within large reservoirs, depends on several variables including oil saturation, con...

The aim of this study was to elucidate the risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea following transsphenoidal surgery and discuss its prevention and treatments. We retrospectively reviewed 474 consecutive cases of pituitary adenoma treated with 485 transsphenoidal surgical procedures from January 2008 to December 2011 in our department. We analysed the incidence of intra- and post...