The recent discoveries of giant planets around nearby stars has galvanized the planetary science community, astronomers, and the public at large. Since direct detection is now feasible, and is suggested by the recent acquisition of Gl229 B, it is crucial for the future of extrasolar planet searches that the fluxes, evolution, and physical structure of objects from Saturn's mass to 15 Juipter ma...

We present a discovery of a giant stellar halo in NGC 6822, a dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group. This halo is mostly made of old red giants, showing striking features: 1) it is several times larger than the main body of the galaxy seen in the optical images, and 2) it is elongated in the direction almost perpendicular to the HI disk of NGC 6822. The structure of this stellar halo looks ...

An expression for the radiation force from a cw-laser on a fluidfluid interface is derived that is able to model the giant deformations observed in modern experiments when the fluid system is close to the critical point implying that the surface tension is very small. The core of our argument is that the system is modelled as a step-index optical fiber. Then, observing that the dominant HE11 mo...

Mitochondria oxidize substrates to generate the ATP that fuels muscle contraction and locomotion. This review focuses on three steps in oxidative phosphorylation that have independent roles in setting the overall mitochondrial ATP flux and thereby have direct impact on locomotion. The first is the electron transport chain, which sets the pace for oxidation. New studies indicate that the electro...

Simple equivalent permeability and reluctance models are obtained for the transformer core joints from the analysis of the magnetic flux. It is shown that the flux variations in the joint zone can be fitted with simple Gaussian expressions suitable for transformer design purposes. These models are derived from 2D and 3D finite element simulations. The magnetic flux distribution in the transform...

Comprehensive studies were made with Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. 6746 of the effects of combinations of lysine, methionine, and threonine on growth rates, soluble amino acid contents, aspartokinase activities, and fluxes of 4-carbon moieties from aspartate through the aspartokinase step into the amino acids of the aspartate family. These studies show that flux in vitro through the aspartokinase ...

We address the formation of 3D nullpoint topologies in the solar corona by combining Hinode/XRT observations of a small dynamic limb event, which occurred beside a non-erupting prominence cavity, with a 3D zero-β MHD simulation. To this end, we model the boundary-driven “kinematic” emergence of a compact, intense, and uniformly twisted flux tube into a potential field arcade that overlies a wea...

Hemoglobin in solution augments the rate of steady state diffusion of oxygen. The flux of oxygen exceeds the diffusive flux by an amount, the facilitated flux, which is constant for a given hemoglobin concentration and is invariant with changing oxygen tension. The facilitated flux is inversely proportional to the length of the diffusion path. Facilitation decreases with increasing molecular si...

We investigate Ussing’s unidirectional fluxes and flux ratios of charged tracers motivated particularly by the insightful proposal of Hodgkin and Keynes on a relation between flux ratios and channel structure. Our study is based on analysis of quasi-one-dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Planck type models for ionic flows through membrane channels. This class of models includes the Poisson equation tha...