This minireview describes the syntheses, structure-photophysical properties relationship, and bioimaging applications of fluorescent coumarins, xanthenes, BODIPYs, cyanines. Advantages disadvantages emissive units are also discussed, as general practical issues that need to be considered when using fluorophores in a biological setting.

The in vitro biotransformation of 7-alkoxycoumarin by rat liver microsomes was studied to develop a simple and accurate assay procedure for 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase. 7-Alkoxycoumarin was converted to the O-dealkylated metabolite, 7-hydroxycoumarin, by aerobic incubation of the parent compound with microsomes and NADPH, but the decreased amount of 7-alkoxycoumarin in the reaction mixture wa...

There is an increasing interest for nanomaterials in bio-medical applications and in this work, nanoparticles of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) have been investigated as a novel contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Relaxation properties have been studied in aqueous solutions as well as in cell culture medium and the nanoparticles have been explored as cell labeling agents. The fluores...

Fluorescent proteins are genetically encoded, highly versatile reporters useful for monitoring various aspects of recombinant protein production. In addition to the widely popular green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria, a variety of other fluorescent proteins have been discovered that display a wide range of spectral properties. Synthetic variants have also been developed to ove...

We review fluorescent probes that can be photoswitched or photoactivated and are suited for single-molecule localization based super-resolution microscopy. We exploit the underlying photochemical mechanisms that allow photoswitching of many synthetic organic fluorophores in the presence of reducing agents, and study the impact of these on the photoswitching properties of various photoactivatabl...

background: icter is the most prevalent disease in newborns. although most of the newborns affiliated with this seem healthy in other aspects, there is always a fear for toxic complication of indirect hyperbilirobinemia in the central nervous system. if the level of indirect bilirobin increases in the plasma to a level, which denotes the probability of danger, phototherapy must be carried out i...

background : some characteristics of lighting sources such as color properties and ultraviolet emissions have important roles on visual and non-visual health effects of lighting. this study aimed to investigate the light emissions of some compact fluorescent lamps (cfls) and incandescent lamps commercially available to the iranian consumers. methods: sixty lamps included 48 single envelope cfls...

We present an experimental method, which provides information on the steric and electronic properties of ligands in metal complexes. This approach is based equilibrium ion-pairing a cationic [(NHC)Ir(cod)]+ fluorescent bodipy-sulfonate (bdpSO3?). The close ion-pair [(NHC)Ir(bdpSO3)(cod)] toluene solution weakly fluorescent, but dissociates into solvent-separated ion pairs upon exposure to sligh...

Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins are capable of dramatic changes in fluorescent properties in response to specific light irradiation. For example, they can be converted from cyan to green, or from green to red, or from nonfluorescent to a brightly fluorescent state. Several types of such proteins were developed recently, and some of them are already becoming popular tools to study protein ...