Due to emerging high spectral resolution, remote sensing techniques and ongoing developments retrieve the spectrally resolved vegetation fluorescence spectrum from several scales, light reactions of photosynthesis are receiving a boost attention for monitoring Earth's carbon balance. Sensor-retrieved (from leaf, tower, airborne or satellite scale) originating excited antenna chlorophyll molecul...

Functional alterations are first signs of a starting pathological process. A device that measures parameter for the characterization of the metabolism at the human eye-ground would be a helpful tool for early diagnostics in stages when alterations are yet reversible. Measurements of blood flow and of oxygen saturation are necessary but not sufficient. The new technique of auto-fluorescence life...

The estimation of biophysical variables from remote sensing data raises important challenges in terms the acquisition technology and its limitations. In this way, some vegetation parameters, such as chlorophyll fluorescence, require sensors with a high spectral resolution that constrains spatial while significantly increasing subpixel land-cover heterogeneity. Precisely, variability often makes...

We had found functions can be used to fix bits [2] by given differences. We use these functions build a message expansion function. In the message expansion function, there are some bits include message bits and incremental bits produced from message bits, these bits will be used as parameter of date-depend function. This message expansion function will fixed at lease n × 5 . 5 bits with given ...

objective(s): crocin, as the main carotenoid of saffron, has shown anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. crocin might interact with cellular proteins and modulate their functions, but the exact target of this carotenoid and the other compounds of the saffron have not been discovered yet. microtubular proteins, as one of the most important proteins inside the cells, have several functio...

The fluorescence yield is the key parameter that allows fluorescence telescope experiments to estimate the air shower energies from the number of UV-fluorescence photons detected. This fluorescence emission is induced by the energy loss in the air medium of the secondary charged particles dominated by the electron/positron component. The fluorescence emission is a line spectrum, of which the li...