CO2-based Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) have been explored from the perspectives of thermodynamic performance, in-reservoir chemical reactivity, and economic viability. Previous works have correctly noted the important role that initial water content in the geothermal reservoir will play in determining the viability of the concept, but have not examined reservoir water content from a quan...

The content of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the serum, alveolar lavage fluid, and alveolar macrophages of smokers and nonsmokers was studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to obtain alveolar fluid and macrophages from normal volunteers, and alpha-1-antitrypsin and albumin were measured using the electroimmunodiffusion technique. The serum level of inhibitor was not different between the two groups,...

In this work, we propose a new model of the Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) buffer in UMTS Release ’99 cellular systems. Under our assumptions, the available bandwidth dedicated to DSCH traffic is limited by voice connections carried by Dedicated Channels (DCHs) on the one hand, and by traffic on the Forward Access Channel (FACH) on the other hand. We propose to model the DSCH buffer content as ...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effects of heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1) at different concentrations on intestinal barrier function. Methods: Male SD rats (n=50) were assigned into lactococcus lactis expressing HO-1 (LL-HO-1) group (HO group; n=10), Gln group (n=10), lactococcus lactis group (LL group; n=10), zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP group; n=10) and PBS group (n=10) randomly. Results: W...

This study evaluated the effects of frankfurter fat content on Listeria monocytogenes resistance to heat stress and gastric fluid, and the Caco-2 cell invasion efficiency of the pathogen. A 10-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated on frankfurters formulated with 10%, 20%, and 30% fat content (10%: F10, 20%: F20, 30%: F30) and stored at 10℃ for 30 d. The samples were analyzed for L. ...

This study instituted a unique approach to bone tissue engineering by combining effects of mechanical stimulation in the form of fluid shear stresses and the presence of bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) on osteodifferentiation. Rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) harvested from bone marrow were cultured on titanium (Ti) fiber mesh discs for 12 days in a flow perfusion system to generate constru...

This study aimed to analyze seasonal variations in the antioxidant defence systems of the seminal plasma and fluids of the cauda epididymis and vesicular glands of the boar. The analyzed antioxidants included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total L-glutathione (GSH+GSSG). Seasonal changes in total protein content and total antioxidant status (TAS) of...

W hen one is teaching students who are new to concepts of body fluid and electrolyte regulation, a major challenge is to convey the separate but interactive nature of the two systems that respectively regulate extracellular fluid (ECF) volume/Na content and total body fluid osmolarity/water. We have developed a series of strategies/tools designed to both optimize conceptual understanding and tr...

The membrane skeleton of mature erythrocyte is formed during erythroid differentiation. Fluid shear stress is one of the main factors that promote embryonic hematopoiesis, however, its effects on erythroid differentiation and cytoskeleton remodeling are unclear. Erythrocyte tropomodulin of 41 kDa (E-Tmod41) caps the pointed end of actin filament (F-actin) and is critical for the formation of he...

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers a great potential for the treatment of various diseases and disorders. Nevertheless, inefficient in vivo siRNA delivery hampers its translation into the clinic. While numerous successful in vitro siRNA delivery stories exist in reduced-protein conditions, most studies so far overlook the influence of the biological fluids present in the in vivo environment. ...