In response to environments that cause cellular stress, animals engage in sleep behavior that facilitates recovery from the stress. In Caenorhabditis elegans, stress-induced sleep(SIS) is regulated by cytokine activation of the ALA neuron, which releases FLP-13 neuropeptides characterized by an amidated arginine-phenylalanine (RFamide) C-terminus motif. By performing an unbiased genetic screen ...

The ‘literate’ programming model is extended to include a concept of mechanical transformation. A prototype tool, FLP (Formal Literate Programming tool), has been developed which uses this extended ‘literate’ programming model in both a formal program proof setting, and within a formal (refinement) program development setting. In both settings, FLP provides history, access to tools, and an easy...

The crystal structure of a Flp recombinase tetramer bound to a Holliday junction intermediate has been determined at 2.65 A resolution. Only one of Flp's two domains, containing the active site, is structurally related to other lambda integrase family site-specific recombinases, such as Cre. The Flp active site differs, however, in that the helix containing the nucleophilic tyrosine is domain s...

The k-median problem is a well-known strongly NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem of both theoretical and practical significance. The previous best approximation ratio for this problem is 2.611+ǫ (Bryka et al. 2014) based on an (1, 1.95238219) bi-factor approximation algorithm for the classical facility location problem (FLP). This work offers an improved algorithm with an approximation ...

The facility location problems (FLPs) are a typical class of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, which widely seen in the supply chain and logistics. Many mathematical heuristic algorithms have been developed for optimizing FLP. In addition to transportation cost, there usually multiple conflicting objectives realistic applications. It is therefore desirable design that approximate set...

It is usually supposed that tolerance levels are determined by the decision maker a priori in flexible linear programming (FLP) problems. In this paper we shall suppose that the decision maker does not care about the particular values of tolerance levels, but he wishes to keep their sum below a predetermined level, which we call his overall flexibility level. We also suppose that his overall fl...

After light touch to its nose, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans halts forward locomotion and initiates backing. Here we show that three classes of neurons (ASH, FLP, and OLQ) sense touch to the nose and hence are required for this avoidance response. ASH, FLP, and OLQ have sensory endings that contain axonemal cilia. Mutant animals that have defective ciliated sensory endings as well as lase...

Flp and Cre-mediated recombination on symmetrized FRT and loxP sites, respectively, in circular plasmid substrates yield both DNA inversion and deletion. However, upon sequestering three negative supercoils outside the recombination complex using the resII-resIII synapse formed by Tn3 resolvase and the LER synapse formed by phage Mu transposase in the case of Flp and Cre, respectively, the reac...

The floor layout problem (FLP) tasks a designer with positioning a collection of rectangular boxes on a fixed floor in such a way that minimizes total communication costs between the components. While several mixed integer programming (MIP) formulations for this problem have been developed, it remains extremely challenging from a computational perspective. This work takes a systematic approach ...

The ability to place a series of gene constructs at a specific site in the genome opens new possibilities for the experimental examination of gene expression and chromosomal position effects. We report that the FLP- FRT site-specific recombination system of the yeast 2mu plasmid can be used to integrate DNA at a chromosomal FRT target site in Drosophila. The technique we used was to first integ...