Historical flood events have shown that the level of damage does not solely depend on exposure to flood waters. Vulnerabilities due to various socio-economic factors such as population at risk, public awareness, and presence of early warning systems, etc. should also be taken into account. Federal and state agencies, watershed management coalitions, insurance companies, need reliable decision s...

abstract flood is among phenomena which result considerable damages to resources and is a serious issue among hydrologists. the proper estimation of runoff is necessary for designating appropriate approaches for its control or optimal management. various problems have been reported in application of empirical models. the regional analysis of runoff with different return periods by applying wate...

Flood is a communication primitive that can be initiated by the base station of a sensor network to send a copy of some message to every sensor in the network. When a flood of some message is initiated, the message is forwarded by every sensor that receives the message until the sensors decide not to forward the message any more. This uncontrolled flood can cause the forwarded messages to colli...

In recent years, perception of flood risks has become an important topic to policy makers concerned with risk management and safety issues. Knowledge of the public risk perception is considered a crucial aspect in modern flood risk management as it steers the development of effective and efficient flood mitigation strategies. This study aimed at gaining insight into the perception of flood risk...

flood spreading has an effective role in the soil improvement and fertility, ground water storage, revival of vegetation and prevention of fluent sands movement. one of the main problem of flood spreading projects is the entrance of sediment to the spreading systems and sedimentation in it. sediment reduces the efficiency of the flood spreading system and after awhile lose its efficiency.the ma...

A number of hedonic property pricing studies of flood risk indicate that properties within a designated higher flood risk zone sell for a lower price than an equivalent property outside of it. However, often the homes most at flood risk are also the most desirable in terms of their proximity to the water, and this concurrent existence of positive water-related amenities and negative flood risk ...

The devastating impact by Hurricane Sandy (2012) again showed New York City (NYC) is one of the most vulnerable cities to coastal flooding around the globe. The low-lying areas in NYC can be flooded by nor'easter storms and North Atlantic hurricanes. The few studies that have estimated potential flood damage for NYC base their damage estimates on only a single, or a few, possible flood events. ...

Climate change is projected to increase the frequency of extreme events, such as flooding and droughts, which are anticipated to have negative effects on the biodiversity of primary producers and consequently the associated consumer communities. Here we assessed the effects of an extreme early summer flooding event in 2013 on ant colonies along an experimental gradient of plant species richness...

Floods are a devastating kind of natural disaster. About half of the population in China lives in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the flood disaster risk of rural housings. The results are valuable for guiding the rescue and relief goods layout. In this study, we take the severe flood disaster that happened at Kouqian Town in Jilin, China in 2010 as an example to build an risk...

Flood plains and the area near to the rivers channels, because of their special circumstances such as fertility and water resources are appropriate situations for the social and agricultural activities, but due to morphological characteristics usually, these area are affected by different flood hazards. However, in these areas, determination of flood zone and its height and also detecting prope...