Pool boiling experiments were conducted in microgravity on five space shuttle flights, using a flat plate heater consisting of a semitransparent thin gold film deposited on a quartz substrate that also acted as a resistance thermometer. The test fluid was R-113, and the vapor bubble behavior at the heater surface was photographed from beneath as well as from the side. Each flight consisted of a...

The fractal nature of hydrodynamic features during nucleate boiling is illustrated in this study. Earlier reports in the literature explored the fractal nature of the thermal features in pool boiling. In these studies typically the time-delay technique was used to obtain chaos quantifiers in boiling from wall temperature fluctuation measurements. In this study experiments were performed at diff...

background escherichia coli o157:h7 is an enteric pathogen which can be frequently found asymptomatically in ruminant mammals, but can cause diseases from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. methods we developed fluorescent amplification-based specific hybridization (flash–pcr) assay to detect the stx-encoding gene stx-1 of e. coli o157:h7. result pcr product of 336 bp was suc...

Dioxane and water form a positive homoazeotrope which has an azeotropic decrease in temperature sufficiently large to effect the complete r emoval, by fractional distillation through an efficient column, of water present as an impurity. The boiling-point-composition diagram, including the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the boiling liquid, was determined. The normal boiling point o...

The development of Ca conducting electrolytes is key to enable functional rechargeable batteries. here presented screening strategy initially based on a combined density theory (DFT) and conductor-like model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) approach, which allows rational selection electrolyte solvent set physico-chemical electrochemical properties: solvation power, stability window, viscosity, fla...

Conduction and single-phase convective heat transfer are well understood phenomena: analytical models [1] and empirical correlations [2] allow capturing the thermal behavior of plate-type fuels or heaters in contact with a single-phase coolant. On the other hand, transient boiling heat transfer is a scarcely studied and much less understood phenomenon. Although, earlier studies have shown that ...

Learning skull radiography techniques is time consuming and difficult, due to the variety of these techniques. Each year, poor employee performance of the radiology unit, impose repetitive radiographs, and a heavy burden on the health system, as well as double exposure of patients and staff. According to the results of the current investigation, comparing student’s opinions revealed that ...

background: the most common symptoms experienced by women are hot flashes are around the time of menopause. many women are interested in herbal medicines because of fear of side effect of hormone therapy. objective: in this study, we seek to assess the effectiveness of herbal medicine on the recurrence of hot flash in menopausal women. methods: the database of medline, scopus, and the cochrane ...