The graph removal lemma is an important structural result in graph theory. It has many different variants and is closely related to property testing and other areas. Our main aim in this paper is to develop removal lemmas of the same spirit for two dimensional matrices. A matrix removal lemma is a statement of the following type: fix a finite family F of matrices over some alphabet Γ. Suppose t...

The first catalytic asymmetric Fischer indolization is reported. In the presence of a 5 mol % loading of a novel spirocyclic chiral phosphoric acid, 4-substituted cyclohexanone-derived phenylhydrazones undergo a highly enantioselective indolization. Efficient catalyst turnover was achieved by the addition of a weakly acidic cation exchange resin, which removes the generated ammonia. The reactio...

The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a catalytic process that can produce a fuel similar to fossil fuels by using primary sources such as agricultural waste and carbon sources that can convert into synthesis gas by superheated steam. All fuel derivatives can be supplied through the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The synthesis produces a variety of hydrocarbons via parallel and sequential reactions. Howe...

The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has been recognized as a heterogeneous surface-catalyzed polymerization process. During this process, CHx monomers formed via the hydrogenation of adsorbed CO on transition metals produce hydrocarbons and oxygenates with a broad range of chain lengths and functional groups. A series of Fe/Cu Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts incorporated with a calcium prom...

Individuals with greater nicotine-reactivity may be more likely to initiate and maintain cigarette-smoking behavior than individuals with less nicotine-reactivity. In rats, behavioral sensitization reflects a progressive increase in the psychomotor response to drugs of abuse thought to result from neuroplasticity in brain regions that mediate their motivational effects. Studying nicotine behavi...

We have examined the effects of chronic voluntary running for 30 d on the levels of nerve growth factor inducilble-B (NGFI-B) and neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) mRNAs in Fischer and Lewis rats. The aim was to compare the addiction-prone Lewis rat strain to the Fischer strain in a plausible model for natural reward. The Lewis strain ran markedly more than the Fischer strain, as indicate...

The past years have shown a resurgence of interest in conceptual issues in animal communication, with much of the debate centering on the concept of information (e.g. Carazo & Font, 2010; Rendall, Owren,& Ryan, 2009; Ruxton& Schaefer, 2011; Scarantino, 2010; Scott-Phillips, 2008; Seyfarth et al., 2010), and whether the identification of so-called ‘functional reference’ contributes to a better u...

Jochen Koberstein, Norbert Luttenberger Carsten Buschmann, Stefan Fischer Dept. for Computer Science Institute of Operating Systems and Applied Mathematics and Computer Networks Christan-Albrechts-University in Kiel Technical University at Braunschweig Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4 Mühlenpfordtstr. 23 D-24098 Kiel D-38106 Braunschweig {jko|nl}@informatik.uni-kiel.de {buschmann|fischer}@ibr.cs.tu-...

ISSN: 0161-6846 (Print) 1541-1540 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wplq20 Rural and Small Town Library Management Challenges Rachel K. Fischer To cite this article: Rachel K. Fischer (2015) Rural and Small Town Library Management Challenges, Public Library Quarterly, 34:4, 354-371, DOI: 10.1080/01616846.2015.1106899 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016...

Miloš DRUTAROVSKÝ, Martin ŠIMKA, Viktor FISCHER Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 13, 041 20 Košice, Slovak Republic, E-mail: {Milos.Drutarovsky, Martin.Simka}@tuke.sk Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et Instrumentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 5516, Université Jean Monnet, 10, rue Barrouin, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France...