Two different patterns in input–output relations can be distinguished in agricultural production. For the first, yields are obtained at zero rates of certain external inputs, such as in wheat growing, or dairying based on grazing. For a second type of input–output relation, inputs are required before any yield can be obtained, such as in irrigation schemes in desert areas, or industrial product...

The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of 6% sodium hypochlorite, when used with the conventional irrigation technique using a 30 gauge side-vented needle, the EndoVac TM System, and the ProUltra PiezoFlow TM Ultrasonic Irrigation Needle. It was hypothesized that both the EndoVac TM system and the PiezoFlow TM Ultrasonic Irrigation Needle would remo...

Empirical studies suggest that cost-share programs are unlikely to reduce exploitation of ground water and nonpoint-source pollution. By introducing an induced irrigation technology in our model, we find theoretically that the optimal amount of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer increases (decreases) when the increased rate of the marginal net economic benefits from their use with an indu...

The water use efficiency under conventional flood method of irrigation, which is predominantly practised in Indian agriculture, is very low due to substantial conveyance and distribution losses. Recognizing the fast decline of irrigation water potential and increasing demand for water from different sectors, a number of demand management strategies and programmes have been introduced to save wa...

Drought stress (DS) is an important limiting factor for crop growth and production in some regions of the world. Limitation in water availability precludes optimal irrigation in some production regions. Therefore, investigations on the interaction of other factors to mitigate the DS to varying degree are important. Two field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm of the National Re...

Water management and utilization is an ongoing problem in developing countries with semi-arid to arid climates such as Afghanistan. The lack of effective irrigation systems are oftentimes the most limiting factor for maximizing agricultural productivity in these countries. In Afghanistan, the most widely used irrigation methods are basin/border for cereal crops and furrow for vegetables and gra...

for identifying drought tolerance genotypes 29 wheat genotypes as cultivar factor and irrigation and non irrigation treatments as an irrigation factor in a split block design with 3 blocks were planted at a research filed of college of agriculture, tehran university, iran. there was a low and non significant correlation (r=0.35) between yield at non irrigating (ys) and yield at irrigating (yp) ...

Spatial variability in crop production occurs as a result of spatial and temporal variations in soil structure and fertility; soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties; irrigation applications; pests and diseases; and plant genetics. It is argued that this variability can be managed and the efficiency of irrigation water use increased by spatially variable application of irrigation water...

BACKGROUND Although the use of potable water for wound irrigation is attractive in an austere environment, its effectiveness has not been tested. We sought to compare the effectiveness of potable water irrigation in reducing bacterial number with that of normal saline irrigation. METHODS We used an established caprine model involving the creation of a reproducible complex musculoskeletal woun...

A fuzzy control irrigation system for cotton field is presented in this paper. The system is composed of host computer, slave computer controller, communication module, soil water sensors, valve controllers, and system software. A fuzzy control model is constructed to control the irrigation time and irrigation quantity for cotton filed. According to the water-required rules of different cotton ...