of his time in imagining what small might mean. In the late ’50s, while people imagined motors being reduced to the size of a fingernail, he foresaw a world by 2000 in which we could etch information onto materials at atomic scales. He calculated that ultimately, all the information then available in all the world’s libraries would fit in material one two-hundredths of an inch wide. In several ...

This paper presents an acoustic sound recognizer to recognize what people are writing on a table or wall by utilizing the sound signal information generated from a key, pen, or fingernail moving along a textured surface. Sketching provides a natural modality to interact with text, and sound is an effective modality for distinguishing text. However, limited research has been conducted in this ar...

Trichophyton raubitschekii is currently regarded as a synonymous name betokening a variant form of Trichophyton rubrum. Nonetheless, isolates conforming to this morphotaxonomic concept have morphological, physiological and clinical features very different from those of typical T. rubrum. Isolates are mainly obtained from subjects originating from certain tropical and subtropical countries, and ...

Reports of foreign bodies in the oronasal complex have included bullets, impression materials, teeth, fish bones, needles, plastics, pistachio nuts, earrings, and the traumatic implantation of a toothbrush." These foreign bodies have been found by palpation, direct visualization, or as incidental findings on radiographs. A thorough history may establish an etiology and time frame in which the f...

Onychopapilloma is a benign tumor of the nail bed and distal matrix and is the most common cause of localized longitudinal erythronychia. Here, we describe a case of onychopapilloma presenting as longitudinal leukonychia of the left 4th fingernail in a 71-year-old female. To date, this is only the ninth described case of onychopapilloma presenting as longitudinal leukonychia. We review the lite...

Onychopapilloma is a benign tumor of the nail bed and distal matrix and is the most common cause of localized longitudinal erythronychia. Here, we describe a case of onychopapilloma presenting as longitudinal leukonychia of the left 4th fingernail in a 71-year-old female. To date, this is only the ninth described case of onychopapilloma presenting as longitudinal leukonychia. We review the lite...

The probability density function (PDF) of light scattering intensity can be used to characterize the scattering medium. We have recently shown that in optical coherence tomography (OCT), a PDF formalism can be sensitive to the number of scatterers in the probed scattering volume and can be represented by the K-distribution, a functional descriptor for non-Gaussian scattering statistics. Expandi...