Ever since the publication of “The Imperialism Free Trade” by John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson in 1953, “informal empire” has been a key term for historians. It has, however, always contentious. The central issue was whether imperial historians were prepared to accept new concept empire. This article explains paradox informal empire creating stronger provenance term. Since early nineteenth ce...

This article is concerned with the economics of excessively large and socially costly suburban expansion and attempts to summarize and organize the main economic arguments associated with sprawl due to single-family residential home construction. We also apply standard welfare economics and price policy instruments to the issue of suburban sprawl in order to suggest ways in which economics can ...

This article considers attitudes towards the British Empire as depicted in BBC television mini-series Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (BBC 1979). Broadcast at end of 1970s, decade which post-empire era drew to a close, series shares with its mass audience complex emotions relate pervading sense national decline. The substance this exchange – message text and nature reception indicates multi-faceted r...