Thiol-dependent redox regulation allows the rapid adaptation of chloroplast function to unpredictable changes in light intensity. Traditionally, it has been considered that chloroplast redox regulation relies on photosynthetically reduced ferredoxin (Fd), thioredoxins (Trxs), and an Fd-dependent Trx reductase (FTR), the Fd-FTR-Trxs system, which links redox regulation to light. More recently, a...

In vitro gut sac experiments were performed on freshwater and 60% seawater acclimated trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under treatments designed to discern possible mechanisms of intestinal ammonia transport. Seawater acclimation increased ammonia flux rate into the serosal saline (Jsamm) in the anterior intestine, however it did not alter Jsamm in the mid- or posterior intestine suggesting similar ...

BACKGROUND Internal tibial rotation is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The effect of restraining tibial rotation (RTR) to prevent ACL injury during single-leg landing is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of impact load and RTR on ACL injury with respect to flexion angle. We hypothesized that RTR could protect the knee from ACL injury compared to ...

the structure of family organization is recognized upon members’ relationship and their rights and duties. the distinction of paternal, maternal, child and couple roles cause distinction in rights and duties. therefore the rights and duties of roles are bilateral but deferent. two characteristics explain the power division in family: biological abilities and expenditure. man in his marital role...

The banking sector is one of the important financial intermediaries in an economic system. Improvement in the banking sector can achieve optimal allocation of financial resources. The performance of banks and other financial service providers has direct effect on economic growth. One of the factors that can affect the banks operation is economic freedom. Economic freedom and freedom of private ...

A thorough understanding of fundamental limits wireless-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay networks in millimeter waves is still missing. We narrow this gap by investigating the outage performance a UAV-assisted wireless network over fluctuating two-ray (FTR) channels. The FTR fading model particularly appealing since well characterizes propagation wide range frequencies, including tho...

In 2010, we performed full-thickness resection (FTR) using the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system (Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tübingen, Germany) [1]. The key aspects of this technique are to apply the clip to the target lesion and then to resect above the ensnared lesion. However, these maneuvers require several separate accessories. Therefore, a new device to perform FTR was developed. Herein we de...