We consider sex differences in human facial morphology in the context of developmental change. We show that at puberty, the height of the upper face, between the lip and the brow, develops differently in males and females, and that these differences are not explicable in terms of sex differences in body size. We find the same dimorphism in the faces of human ancestors. We propose that the relat...

A pirate is a person who buys a legal copy of a copyrighted work and who reproduces it to sell illegal copies. Artists and authors are worried as they do not get the income which is legally theirs. It has been suggested to mark every copy sold with a unique fingerprint, so that any unauthorised copy may be traced back to the source and the pirate who bought it. The fingerprint must be embedded ...

Reacting, in part, to these and other sobering statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established the Partnerships To Reduce Juvenile Gun Violence Program, which seeks to increase the effectiveness of existing strategies by enhancing and coordinating prevention, intervention, and suppression efforts and strengthening community linkages. This Bulletin describes the...

Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a biotrophic fungus provoking SBR disease. SBR poses a major threat to global soybean production. Though several R genes provided soybean immunity to certain P. pachyrhizi races, the pathogen swiftly overcame this resistance. Therefore, fungicides are the only current means to control SBR. However, insensitivity to fungicides is soaring in P. pachyrhizi and, therefore, ...

On page 597, Torosantucci and colleagues describe a novel vaccine with the potential to confer protection against multiple fungal pathogens. In mice, the vaccine induced protective immunity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus , both common fungal pathogens that prey on immunocompromised individuals. Vaccination generates anti–␤-glucan anti-bodies that inhibit Candida hyphae. On p...

Long before humans left Africa to conquer the rest of the world, the first felids started their bid for world domination from their native Asia. Genome research has shown that the last common ancestor of today's cat-like species lived in Asia some 10.8 million years ago, and that its descendants started to migrate to Africa and the Americas 9 million years ago (Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. (...

We build a model where a buyer negotiates a price discount with a seller in exchange for not asking the receipt and paying in cash, allowing tax evasion. Sellers and buyers are heterogeneous with respect to their tax morale and to their cost of managing payment instruments different from cash. We study how a tax rebate for the buyer and a tax on cash withdrawals affect tax evasion and governmen...

IE E E S P E C T R U M • Fe br u ar y 20 0 1 In March of 1999, the U.S. Marines invaded California. Descending on an old Navy hospital in Oakland, they attempted to wrest it from guerilla fighters encamped there. Despite being armed to the teeth with the latest intelligence-gathering and assault weaponry, they suffered devastating losses, some units reporting casualty rates as high as 70 percen...