We experimentally validate a black box model for long-wavelength erbium doped fiber amplifiers. The agreement between the model and the experiments is closer than in the case of conventionalwavelength erbium amplifiers. Introduction Several models have been proposed to predict gain spectral changes of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) under different saturation conditions [1-3]. Most of thes...

This paper presents the correctness proof of Saturation, an algorithm for generating state spaces of concurrent systems, implemented in the SMART tool. Unlike the Breadth First Search exploration algorithm, which is easy to understand and formalise, Saturation is a complex algorithm, employing a mutually-recursive pair of procedures that compute a series of non-trivial, nested local fixed point...

We propose a new saturation-based symbolic state-space generation algorithm for finite discrete-state systems. Based on the structure of the high-level model specification, we first disjunctively partition the transition relation of the system, then conjunctively partition each disjunct. Our new encoding recognizes identity transformations of state variables and exploits event locality, enablin...

We examined wind-up of the nociceptive flexor withdrawal responses in diabetic mice that had developed tactile allodynia after treatment with streptozotocin (STZ). In control and STZ-treated mice, simultaneous activation of Adelta- and C-fibers by electrical stimuli at C-fiber intensity delivered to the ventral aspect of the toe elicited a biphasic withdrawal reflex composed of short- and long-...

A distributed balanced photodetector with high saturation photocurrent and excellent linearity has been experimentally demonstrated. Distributed detection is shown experimentally to be important for the high saturation photocurrents. High-speed photodetectors with high saturation photocurrents are essential for high performance analog fiber optic links. In externally modulated links, the link g...

despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. in this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. a real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

In this study, we evaluated the dependence of saturation pulse length on APT imaging of diffuse gliomas using a parallel transmission-based technique. Twenty-two patients with diffuse gliomas (9 low-grade gliomas, LGGs, and 13 high-grade gliomas, HGGs) were included in the study. APT imaging was conducted at 3T with a 2-channel parallel transmission scheme using three different saturation pulse...

In this article, we report erbium/ytterbium (Er/Yb) co-doped phospho-alumino-silicate fibers (EYDFs) fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) and solution doping technique, to extend L-band gain up 1625 nm. Fibers with different concentrations Yb-to-Er ratios were studied in terms of spectroscopic properties optical amplification when pumped at 1480 A higher ratio suppressed ...

In this work, a single-frequency fiber amplifier with output power of 703 W was demonstrated at 1,064.4 nm in an all-fiber configuration. Cascaded Yb 3+ -doped structure different dopant concentration and hybrid 915/976 pump scheme were employed scaling stage to improve the gain saturation for higher transverse mode instability threshold. An overall optical efficiency 67.5% achieved maximum M 2...