A wide range of applications such as health, human comfort, agriculture, food processing and storage, and electronic manufacturing, among others, require fast and accurate measurement of humidity. Sensors based on optical fibers present several advantages over electronic sensors and great research efforts have been made in recent years in this field. The present paper reports the current trends...

Two-photon excitation (TPE) is a modern technology with applications in microscopy and spectroscopy that has gained a great amount of attention in recent years. This technique is the best suitable to analyze thick tissues and live animals as it works in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In this work we implement and evaluate a two-photon setup that allows the shifting of the working wavelength ov...

A review of electromagnetic hyperthermia ablative therapies, a temperature measurements during microwave ablation using optical fiber temperature sensors and a fiber optic temperature sensor developed for a hyperthermia laboratory are summarized in this chapter. Hyperthermia also called thermotherapy or thermal therapy is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temper...

A typical optical fiber is usually constructed of a silicon (glass) material, however, plastic and quartz are also available but normally for data transmission. Today most of all optical fibers manufactured consist of a lightconducting glass core surrounded by a thin layer of glass cladding with a lower refractive index. This cladding serves to protect the core finish. All fibers used in infrar...

A compact all-fiber Faraday isolator and a Faraday mirror are demonstrated. At the core of each of these components is an all-fiber Faraday rotator made of a 4-cm-long, 65-wt%-terbium-doped silicate fiber. The effective Verdet constant of the terbium-doped fiber is measured to be -32 rad/(Tm), which is 27 x larger than that of silica fiber. This effective Verdet constant is the largest value me...

Find the secret to improve the quality of life by reading this an introduction to fiber optics system design. This is a kind of book that you need now. Besides, it can be your favorite book to read after having this book. Do you ask why? Well, this is a book that has different characteristic with others. You may not need to know who the author is, how well-known the work is. As wise word, never...

Gradient index structures are gaining increased importance with the constant development of Transformation Optics and metamaterials. Our ability to fabricate such devices, while limited, has already demonstrated the extensive capabilities of those designs, in the forms of invisibility devices, as well as illusion optics and super-lensing. In this paper we present a low loss, high index contrast...

kuhbanan fault is in southeast margin of micro continent of iran between tabas and yazd blocks. it directed from northwest of kerman to northwest of bahabad east of bafgh (yazd). its length is about 300 km and its overall direction in iran is in southeast – northwest. this fault has caused many historical deadly earthquake and is recently more active at its southeast part near zarand city. the ...