There are several very accurate methods to determine leaf angles in closed canopies. However, these are generally very time-consuming or require special equipment. Average canopy leaf angles were derived from simple height and blade length measurements. An exponential relationship between the height/length ratio and the average blade leaf angle was used. The method was tested for two grass spec...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect drought on accumulation and tolerance energy willow (Salix viminalis L. var. ‘Gigantea’) copper (Cu) nickel (Ni) in context phytoremediation potential plant biomass production under adverse water conditions. Drought simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000. 5%), metals were added at a concentration 1 mM. Plants cultivated greenhouse conditio...