A magnetic field applied normal to the surface of a ferrofluid is temporally varied so as to exhibit nonlinear behavior. The overall effect will result in hydrodynamic and magnetic nonlinearities, in which the magnetic coupling between the fluid and the external field results in a hysteresis effect that serves as the primary nonlinearity of interest. A period doubling route is observed with var...

Abstract The current research on the evaporation of ferrofluids mainly focuses characterization ultra-low vapor pressure in vacuum and theoretical analysis process. Few studies have focused experimental validation proposed rate equations comparison differences ferrofluid evaporation. In this study, based Bolotov’s model, an equation is deduced from model. study included a evaporation, magnetic ...

A ferrofluid layer separates into numerous subscale crests, which is referred to as Rosensweig instability, whose shape and size depend on the field condition composition of ferrofluid. consisting nanoscale magnetite particles also used an electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption reflection material. For this study, oil-based mixture layers that split various shapes crests in presence external magn...