Recent findings indicate robust associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain structure in children, raising questions about the ways in which SES may modify structural brain development. In general, cortical thickness and surface area develop in nonlinear patterns across childhood and adolescence, with developmental patterns varying to some degree by cortical region. Here, we exami...

BACKGROUND Bone alters its architecture and mass in response to the mechanical environment, and thus varying loading modalities have been examined for studying load-driven bone formation. The current study aimed to evaluate the anabolic effects of knee loading on diaphyseal cortical bone in the femur. METHODS Using a custom-made piezoelectric loader, 0.5-N loads were laterally applied to the ...

A previous study of reference abilities and cortical thickness reported that association between reference abilities and cortical thickness summarized over large ROIs suppressed was suppressed after controlling for mean cortical thickness and global cognition. In this manuscript, we showed that preserving detailed spatial patterns of cortical thickness can identify reference-ability-specific as...

The present study present a three-dimensional virtual simulation method to evaluate the fit-and-fill effect of the insertion of a trochanteric gamma nail (TGN) in 98 Thai dadaveric proximal femora. The circular best fit of the 2-dimensional cross-section of the femoral canal and the nail at 4 levels [d100, d120, d140 and d160] which were located at 100, 120, 140 and 160 mm distal to the tip of ...

BACKGROUND Aseptic implant loosening and periprosthetic bone loss are major problems after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We present an in vivo method of computed tomography (CT) assisted osteodensitometry after THA that differentiates between cortical and cancellous bone density (BD) and area around the femoral component. METHOD Cortical and cancellous periprosthetic femoral BD (mg CaHA/mL), ...

Rotation errors of the femoral component are held responsible for occurrences such as instability in flexion and midflexion, patellar maltracking, and arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty. However, in many cases, the epicondylar axis cannot be reliably identified due to bone defects or metal artifacts on computed tomography, so alternative landmarks are necessary to evaluate the fem...

BACKGROUND Grey matter volume and cortical thickness represent two complementary aspects of brain structure. Several studies have described reductions in grey matter volume in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis; however, little is known about cortical thickness in this group. The aim of the present study was to investigate cortical thickness alterations in UHR subjects and compare ind...

We present a novel, computerized method of examining cerebral cortical thickness. The normal cortex varies in thickness from 2 to 4 mm, reflecting the morphology of neuronal sublayers. Cortical pathologies often manifest abnormal variations in thickness, with examples of Alzheimer's disease and cortical dysplasia as thin and thick cortex, respectively. Radiologically, images are 2-D slices thro...

Age is associated with reductions in surface area and cortical thickness, particularly in prefrontal regions. There is also evidence of greater thickness in some regions at older ages. Non-linear age effects in some studies suggest that age may continue to impact brain structure in later decades of life, but relatively few studies have examined the impact of age on brain structure within middle...

Accurate segmentation of the brain MR images plays an important role in investigation of neurodegenerative changes in the cerebral cortex. However, most of the previous algorithms were proposed for segmentation of 3D images and few studies have taken the temporal consistency of cortical-thickness changes into account during the longitudinal studies. In this paper, we propose a 4D segmentation f...