Male and female reproductive systems of Stolas conspersa (Germar) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). The male and female reproductive systems of Stolas conspersa (Germar, 1824) are described and illustrated for the first time. The male reproductive system shows no difference from the subfamily pattern, which is a tubular well-developed median lobe; “Y”, “V” or T-shaped tegmen; reduced pyg...

Estrogen is associated with female sexual behaviors, particularly receptive behaviors during the reproductive cycle. Less is known about the relationship between estrogen and female preference behaviors that may precede receptivity and copulation. Separating the mechanisms underlying preference from receptivity is often confounded by the tightly coupled cycle- or estrogen-dependent expression o...

Human spermatozoa are highly complex specialized cells designed to survive a long and perilous journey from the site of insemination to the upper reaches of the female reproductive tract where fertilization occurs. During this journey, these cells have to run the gauntlet laid down by the female immune system and time their physiological maturation so that as soon as an egg appears in the Fallo...

The production of viable offspring is a complex task, involving courtship, mating, maturation of eggs, ovulation, fertilization of eggs, and oviposition. With particular regard to the female, the reproductive system must produce eggs at the appropriate time and deposit them after fertilization in an appropriate place. Thus, the various structures of the reproductive system must be tightly coord...

• More than 71,000 women in the United States were diagnosed with a cancer affecting the reproductive organs. • More than 27,000 women in the United States died from some form of gynecologic cancer. • Uterine (endometrial) cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer. • Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer. • Cervical cancer was once the leading cause of death for women in the U...

Oestrogenic steroid hormones (‘oestrogens’) have a crucial role in cellular regulation in all vertebrate species. The levels required to bring about such changes are very low, around 0.1–1 pg/ml (picograms per millilitre) of serum. It has been known for over five decades that oestrogens affect the development of the male reproductive system of mammals (Zuckerman, 1940). Nonetheless, oestrogenic...

Background Infertility, typically defined as the inability of couples to become pregnant after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Female infertility accounts for 45% of all infertilities among couples. In Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) there are variable recommendation for the prevention and treatment of female infertility and one of the most important is nutrition. The pu...