The long-term health effects of concussion and sub-concussive impacts in sport are unknown. Growing evidence suggests both inflammation and neurodegeneration are pivotal to secondary injury processes and the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we characterized circulating brain injury and inflammatory mediators in healthy male and female athletes according to concussion...

The purpose of this research was to utilize the concept of hubris to frame a discussion of differences between collegiate athletes and collegiate non-athletes. Surveys were distributed to a collegiate student population that included both athletes and non-athletes and included questions that served as proxies for varying dimensions of hubris, such as perceptions of campus police (conventional a...

AIM To examine the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) among the total population of Norwegian female cross-country skiers and biathletes at the junior level, and to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics predict DE among athletes. METHODS A cross-sectional population study of Norwegian female junior cross-country skiers and biathletes (n=262), with a response rate of 86%. Descri...

BACKGROUND The addition of the ECG to the preparticipation examination (PPE) of high school athletes has been a topic for debate. Defining the difference between the high school male and female ECG is crucial to help initiate its implementation in the High School PPE. Establishing the different parameters set for the male and female ECG would help to reduce false positives. We examined the effe...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in female athletes. METHODS An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted including 50 female athletes with mean age of 20 ± 3 years. Colposcopy, pap smear, and polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were performed. Blood samples were collected to test fo...

We investigate the risk-taking behavior of women and men in high-stakes jumping competitions. Results indicated that female male athletes differ timing extent their reactions to an increase risk failure. Male competitors increased more risky environment immediately after changes. Female athletes, however, two years rule change. Over time, revert pre-reform levels, athletes’ continued make decis...

CONTEXT Although a rare occurrence, previously undiagnosed disorders of sex development (DSD) with hyperandrogenism are sometimes detected by hormonal screening during the international sports competitions. Identifying the cause of XY,DSD raises medical and ethical concerns, especially with regard to issues of the eligibility to compete. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whethe...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify neuromuscular training intervention programs that significantly reduced the incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in female adolescent athletes. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed was conducted to determine the outcome of ACL neuromuscular retraining programs in a specific population. The inclusion criteria w...