This paper investigates the design of optimal procurement mechanisms in the presence of corruption. After the sponsor and the contractor sign the contract, the latter may bribe the inspector to misrepresent quality. Thus, the mechanism affects whether bribery occurs. I show how to include bribery as an additional constraint in the optimal-control problem that the sponsor solves, and characteriz...

© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com order provide an opportunity to understand many fundamental physical properties relevant to solar energy conversion. Additionally, organic crystals are promising in their own right due to the effi cient carrier and energy transport properties associated with their long-range order. In particular, crystalline and polycrys...

Numerous government surveys of natural resources use Post-Stratifi cation to improve statistical effi ciency, where strata are defi ned by full-coverage, remotely sensed data and geopolitical boundaries. Recursive Restriction Estimation, which may be considered a special case of the static Kalman fi lter, is an attractive alternative. It decomposes a complex estimation problem into simple compo...

I mprovements in healthcare information technology (HIT), properly implemented and widely adopted, should save money and signifi cantly improve the quality of health care in the United States. A 2005 RAND study estimated that annual savings from effi ciency alone could be upwards of $77 billion (http:// www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9136/). A key component of these improvements is a Natio...

Introduction: The rapid development of knowledge and technology conditions the use of pharmacoeconomic and economic analysis in the system of market economy in health care. Pharmacoeconomics identifi es, measures, compares and analyzes the relationship between costs and outcomes of the use of pharmaceutical products. Corresponding section headings: This review article, presents the results of o...

University collections are a vital source of knowledge for researchers and often a source of pride for universities. Without an effective way to manage and query them, however, collections often go underutilized. Parts of a collection can remain untapped for years, and the larger it grows, the more diffi cult management becomes. Unfortunately, improving collections management usually comes at a...

There are many applications across a broad range of business problem domains in which equity is a concern and many well-known operational research (OR) problems such as knapsack, scheduling or assignment problems have been considered from an equity perspective. This shows that equity is both a technically interesting concept and a substantial practical concern. In this paper we review the opera...

We introduce the simultaneous optimisation of water-use effi ciency and nitrogen-use effi ciency of canopy photosynthesis. As a vehicle for this idea we consider the optimal leaf area for a plant in which there is no self-shading among leaves. An emergent result is that canopy assimilation over a day is a scaled sum of daily water use and of photosynthetic nitrogen display. The respective scali...

High aspect ratio p–n junction semiconductors have displayed great potential for emerging photovoltaics owing to enhanced properties such as improved light absorption or trapping effi ciency and facile carrier collection. [ 1–4 ] In the case of bottomup synthesized p–n junction nanowires, additional advantages come from their single-crystalline structure and reduced materials usage, coupled wit...