background and aims. dental fear/anxiety as a barrier in accessing oral health care is poorly investigated in iranian children. the aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of dental fear and behavior management problems, as well as to examine the relationship between dental fear/anxiety and probable concomitant factors. materials and methods. mothers of 200 children aged 3-6 were par...

introduction the exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation from natural sources is a continuing and inescapable feature of life on earth. for most individuals, this exposure exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. materials and methods in this study, the annual effective dose in high level environmental background radiation areas (hlebras) of northern city of ramsar in iran was de...

The use of B-scan ultrasonography was first reported by Baum and Greenwood (I958), who described their results as equivalent to the first x rays. As they predicted, improvement in equipment and technique has led to increased resolution of ocular structure being obtained by B-scan ultrasonography. The clinical application of the B-scan has been described by Coleman and Jack (I973) and the reliab...

Zhuo-Ming Ren, 2 Manuel Sebastian Mariani, 4, 2, ∗ Yi-Cheng Zhang, and Matúš Medo 5, 2, † College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China URPP...

abstract background: few attempts were made for alleviating the physical/psychological problems among the cardiac valve–replaced patients and no comprehensive study was done based on the experiences of such patients. this study was undertaken to describe the stressful experiences of the heart valve-replaced patients. materials and methods: in this qualitative study performed during 2012-2013 wi...

Background: Ionizing radiation is present in all environment of the Earth’s surface, beneath the Earth and in the atmosphere. Human beings are exposed to external radiation from their surroundings naturally and also to internal radiation from food, water and air they consume. Then, it is important to measure and develop knowledge about radiation. Objective: This study is designed to evalu...

The Mars mission will result in an inevitable exposure to cosmic radiation that has been shown to cause cognitive impairments in rodent models, and possibly in astronauts engaged in deep space travel. Of particular concern is the potential for cosmic radiation exposure to compromise critical decision making during normal operations or under emergency conditions in deep space. Rodents exposed to...

background: the majority of individuals who visit the dentist are anxious. they are usually capable of controlling their anxiety. however, this fear sometimes creates great problems for the patient and dentist such as lack of visiting the dentist for treatment, incorrect diagnosis due to lack of appropriate communication between the patient and dentist, and finally, reduction of oral health lev...