We propose a fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference method to study dynamic faulting in three dimensions. The method uses an implementation of the boundary conditions on the fault that allows the use of general friction models including slip weakening and rate dependence. Because the staggered-grid method defines stresses and particle velocities at different grid points, we preserve symm...

A simple mechanical model and dimensional analysis are used to derive a scaling law for the partitioning between slip rate on a strike-slip fault and distributed deformation in the far-field. The depth of the fault, the distributions of stress, strain rate and slip rate are solved for a given far-field force or displacement in a 2-D medium with a linear temperature-dependent viscous rheology. A...

Three-dimensional mechanical models are used to evaluate the performance of different fault growth criteria in predicting successive growth of three échelon thrust faults similar to the segments of the Puente Hills thrust system of the Los Angeles basin, California. Four sequential Boundary Element Method models explore the growth of successive échelon faults within the system by simulating sna...

We present a variant of a traditional genetic algorithm, known as a niching genetic algorithm (NGA), which is effective at multimodal function optimization. Such an algorithm is useful for geophysical inverse problems that contain more than one distinct solution. We illustrate the utility of an NGA via a multimodal seismological inverse problem: the inversion of teleseismic body waves for the s...

This paper proposes a fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy based on the use of quasi-linear parameter varying (qLPV) virtual actuators approach for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The overall solution relies on adding a virtual actuator in the control loop to hide the fault from the controller point of view, allowing it to see the same plant as before the fault, in this way keeping ...

A shallow destructive inland earthquake of M6.8 occurred on Oct. 23, 2004 (JST) in the middle part of Niigata prefecture, Japan. The aftershock activity was high as compared to those of the other shallow inland earthquakes in Japan. We relocated the sources of the main shock and aftershock activity by adopting the double-difference earthquake location algorithm. The precisely relocated hypocent...

quake was caused by left-lateral strike-slip motion along a vertical fault plane with dimensions of 20 by 10km striking in the N30°W direction. The strong-motion records from five JMA stations within a distance of 80km are compared with the synthetic seismograms computed from dynamic dislocation models. The comparison yields estimates for the seismic moment, average fault displacements, rise ti...

Geological forces shape the earth’s crust. Normal faults, for example, form when extensional forces pull blocks of rock apart along a plane, whereas reverse faults are formed by compressional forces. Geologists classify faults to retrace the forces that have acted on an area; however, normal and reverse faults often look similar. In this study we investigated whether viewing superficially simil...

Operators perceive programmable networks brought by Software Defined Networks (SDN) as cornerstone to decrease the time to deploy new services, to augment the flexibility and to adapt network resources to customer needs at runtime. However, despite the vulnerabilities identified due that the intelligence is centralized on SDN, its research is more centered on forwarding traffic and reconfigurat...