Postprandial cellular glucose uptake is dependent on an insulin-signaling cascade in muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in the translocation of the insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) into the plasma membrane. Additionally, extended food deprivation is characterized by suppressed insulin signaling and decreased Glut4 expression. Northern elephant seals are adapted to prolonged fas...

The association between insulin resistance and insulinemia and hypertension is controversial. We examined the relation between insulin resistance and hypertension in 564 non-Hispanic whites (NHW), 505 Hispanics (H), and 413 African Americans (AA) who participated in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Insulin sensitivity was measured with a frequently sampled intravenous glucos...

Objective: Forkhead box proteins and Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) in particular, mediate insulin signaling pathways and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to compare FOXO1 expression in subcutaneous adipose (SA) tissue between obese rats with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its response to resistance training in T2D. Materials and Methods: 21 male wistar rats (220±20 g...

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether an oral disposition index (DI(O)) predicts the development of diabetes over a 10-year period. First, we assessed the validity of the DI(O) by demonstrating that a hyperbolic relationship exists between oral indexes of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 613 Japanese-American subjects (322 men and 291 women...

In this study, we examined the association between sugar-sweetened drink, diet soda, and fruit juice consumption and surrogate measures of insulin resistance. Sugar-sweetened drink, diet soda, and fruit juice consumption was estimated using a semiquantitative FFQ in 2500 subjects at the fifth examination (1991-1995) of the Framingham Offspring Study. Surrogate markers of insulin resistance meas...

Objective: Hepatic glucose release plays a potential role in hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on fasting levels of glucose and insulin as well as glucokinase (GCK) expression in liver tissue in obese T2D rats. Materials and Methods: T2D was induced by a high-fat ...

Insulin resistance is an important risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes as well as other chronic conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and colon cancer. To find genes for insulin resistance it is necessary to assess insulin action in large populations. We have previously measured insulin action in a large cohort of subjects (Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis...