Spatial patterning often occurs in ecosystems as a result of a self-organizing process caused by feedback between organisms and the physical environment. Here, we show that the spatial patterns observable in centuries-old Balinese rice terraces are also created by feedback between farmers' decisions and the ecology of the paddies, which triggers a transition from local to global-scale control o...

the main objective of this study is analysis of effective factors on production risk management among orange farmers. statistical population of research included all orange farmers of jiroft (kerman province). using the cochran formula were selected 25 cases, but to increase the validity of the research findings, by class random sampling the number of 125 questionnaire distribution among the me...

The challenge of managing agroecosystems on a landscape scale and the novel structure of soil communities in agroecosystems both provide reason to focus on in-field management practices, including cover crop adoption, reduced tillage, and judicial pesticide use, to promote soil community diversity. Belowground and epigeal arthropods, especially exotic generalist predators, play a significant ro...

Mexico is a megadiverse country that forms part of the Mesoamerican biological corridor that connects North and South America. Mexico's biogeographical situation places it at risk from invasive exotic insect pests that enter from the United States, Central America, or the Caribbean. In this review we analyze the factors that contributed to some highly successful past programs involving classica...

The success of any agricultural innovation depends on its adoption by farmers. The study evaluates the determinants of adoption of vitamin A bio-fortified cassava variety among farmers by investigating the level of adoption and determinants of adoption among farmers. Three stages of random sampling procedure were used to select 240 cassava farmers. The data obtained were analyzed with descripti...

Shifts to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in agriculture are assisted by the identification of chemical applications that provide effective control of pests relative to broad-spectrum pesticides but have fewer negative effects on natural enemy (beneficial) groups that assist in pest control. Here, we outline a framework for identifying such applications and apply this framework to field trials...

Farmers’ perceptions of the local climate reflect their awareness of climate change and may affect their adaptation behaviors. However, current literature suffers a knowledge gap on farmers’ perceptions of climate change. This study examines farmers’ perceptions of annual mean temperature, the consistency of these perceptions with meteorological record data, and what influences this relationshi...

Policy makers are challenged to find ways of influencing and supporting land manager behaviours actions deal with the impacts increasing pressure from tree pests diseases. This paper investigates attitudes farmers towards managing trees on farmland for Data collection included deliberative workshops semi-structured interviews. were thematically analyzed using COM-B (Capacity/Opportunity/Motivat...

Smallholder farmers in Northern Tanzania grow vegetables that include tomatoes, cabbages and onions and use many types of pesticides to control pests and diseases that attack these crops. Based on the use of questionnaires and interviews that were conducted in Arumeru, Monduli, Karatu and Moshi rural districts, this study investigates farmers’ practices, perceptions and related cost and health ...