Over the last decade, succession of financial crisis, neoliberal reform processes, and emergence anti-establishment far-right political forces has become a familiar pattern across Europe. But in few countries it been as striking Italy. After 2018 national elections, Five-Star Movement (M5S) League joined to form government characterised by its rejection past neoliberalising reforms defiant stan...

Abstract How are parties' ideological positions and levels of populism connected? Existing research either advocates for a U‐shaped relationship between left‐right position their degree or uses specific dimensions two‐dimensional policy space to describe right‐wing populist parties. We provide an integrated perspective by arguing that is higher when parties put strong emphasis on collectivist h...

In a study comprising about 8000 members of Swiss municipal executive boards, it was analyzed to what degr on the left right scale were based on self logical standing of respective parties). Using multivariate linear regressions, it was found both couplings w nounced on the left side on the political spectrum than on the center and to the right. Party guidance correlates positively community si...

Recent scholarship demonstrated that Facebook is a convenient space for populist political communication as its unmediated and viral nature make appeals highly efficient in voters’ mobilization (Engesser et al., 2017). However, less attention has been paid to the way these messages appear on actors’ communication, what post- page-level factors they are associated with. We investigate questions ...

Populism has expanded over the past decade, especially far-right parties and their respective voter bases. Voting patterns are often unevenly distributed space, which makes it very relevant to explore, along with other factors, spatial dimension. This will increase our understanding of rise populist parties, accordingly, policy implications. First, an introduction populism is given, in context ...

This paper shows how political parties differentiate to reduce electoral competition. Two parties choose platforms in a unidimensional policy space, and then in a continuum of constituencies with different median voters candidates from the two parties compete in Hotelling-Downs competition. Departing from party platform is costly enough that candidates do not take the median voter’s preferred p...