BACKGROUND Companionship during labor is known to have both physical and psychosocial benefits to mother and baby. Sri Lanka made a policy decision to allow a labour companion in 2011. However, implementation has been unsatisfactory. Given the leading role Obstetricians play in the implementation of policy, a study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices among them. ME...

a quasi experimental study was conducted in the labour rooms of one of the hospital's of the university of   medical science of iran, to compare the effect ofcord blood drainage and oxytocin injection into the umblicat   vein in the duration of the third stage of labour.   a total of 180 women in the course of normal pregnancies with no complications and normal vaginal   dd ivery were sele...

Agriculture is an important engine of growth and poverty reduction in much of Africa, Nigeria inclusive. But the sector is underperforming in part because women, who are often crucial resource in agriculture and rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. An understanding of these constraints is a prerequisite to devising policies to improve agricultural production and produ...

This article has considered the volume and direction of Iran’s trade using the gravity model. The major issue in this analysis is to explore why Iran over or under-traded with the 76 countries relative to the predicted trade flows of the model. The study attempts to explore the reasons from the respect of both the model itself and Iran’s trade structure. This is done by analysing the performanc...

In-School Work Experience, Parental Allowances, and Wages In many industrialised countries, teenagers have a significant spending power, and they are important customers for specialised industries. The income of teenagers still in full time education comes from two major sources: parental pocket money, and earnings from part time jobs. Little is known about the way these sources interact, and h...

PURPOSE This paper aims to understand the impact of emotional labour in specific health care settings and its potential effect on patient care. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Multi-method qualitative ethnographic study undertaken in a large ICU in Sydney, Australia using observations from patient case studies, ward rounds and family conferences, open ended interviews with medical and nursing cli...

Introduction: Reducing the labour by an unskilful person is an important strategy in promotion of mother's health and reducing the maternal mortality as the fifth millennium development goals. Methods: This retrospective and descriptive study was accomplishd in 2010.The samples were 189 Iranian mothers with labour by unskilful person in urban and rural area affiliated to Mashhad University of M...

Background and aim: The third stage of labour is one of the most troublesome stages of child delivery. The basic principle of the third stage management is administrating prophylactic uterotonics. However, the time of its administration varies in different hospitals. This study aimed to determine the effect of intramuscular oxytocin injection after emergence of the fetal anterior shoulder or pl...

 Abstract Background and objective: Pain relief during labour is an important determinant of a women’s birth experience. There are numerous pain relief techniques which can be used either with or without pain medication. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of remifentanil alone and its effect in pain relief while using with ketamine during labour. Methods: After obtaining informed co...