Antivenoms have been used successfully for more than a century and up to now constitute the only effective treatment for snakebites .The production of antivenin started long time ago when the calmette was prepared the antivenom in 1894.The method currently used to prepare antivenom by most of the manufacturers are originated from the method of Pope which was develop in 1938. Several new approac...

To facilitate the separation of Zr produced in yttrium foils, an automated separation module was designed and assembled. The module separates more than 85% of produced Zr – activity in 3 g foils in less than 90 min. About 10 % remains in the dissolving vial. The quality of the separated Zr activity was investigated for labeling of the HER2-binding monoclonal antibody fragment, trastuzumab-Fab.

A recombinant human antibody fragment, designated RSV Fab 19, efficiently neutralizes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here we report the results of our sequence analysis of antibody escape mutants that identified F glycoprotein amino acids critical for binding of human or murine RSV F-neutralizing antibodies.

In this communication we describe a novel acid-cleavable linker strategy for antibody-drug conjugation. Functional disulfide bridging of the single interchain disulfide bond of a trastuzumab Fab fragment yields a homogeneous antibody-drug conjugate bearing a thiomaleamic acid linker. This linker is stable at physiological pH and temperature, but quantitatively cleaves at lysosomal pH to release...

The crystal structure of the Fab fragment of 2E8, the monoclonal IgG1,kappa antibody specific for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-binding region of apolipoprotein E (apoE), has been solved by molecular replacement and refined at 1.9 A resolution (PDB entry 12E8). Two 2E8 Fab molecules in the asymmetric unit are related by noncrystallographic symmetry and are hydrogen bonded through a...

Genes coding for human antibody Fab fragments specific for Entamoeba histolytica were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Lymphocytes were separated from the peripheral blood of a patient with an amebic liver abscess. Poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from the lymphocytes, and then genes coding for the light chain and Fd region of the heavy chain were amplified by a reverse transcriptase PCR. The...

The IgG4 isotype antibody is a potential candidate for immunotherapy when reduced effector functions are desirable. However, antigen binding fragment (Fab) arm exchange leads to functional monovalency with potentially reduced therapeutic efficacy. Mutagenesis studies suggested that the CH3 domain and not the core hinge is dominantly involved in in vivo molecular processing. This work investigat...

The human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2G12 recognizes high-mannose carbohydrates on the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120. Its two antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) are intramolecularly domain exchanged, resulting in a rigid (Fab)2 unit including a third antigen-binding interface not found in antibodies with flexible Fab arms. We determined crystal structures of dimeric 2G12 IgG created ...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses, which have emerged in poultry and other wildlife worldwide, contain a characteristic multi-basic cleavage site (CS) in the hemagglutinin protein (HA). Because this arginine-rich CS is unique among influenza virus subtypes, antibodies against this site have the potential to specifically diagnose pathogenic H5N1. By immunizing mice with the C...

The diagnosis of early and aggressive types of cancer is important for providing effective cancer therapy. Cancer-induced fibrin clots exist only within lesions. Previously, we developed a monoclonal antibody (clone 102-10) that recognizes insoluble fibrin but not fibrinogen or soluble fibrin and confirmed that fibrin clots form continuously in various cancers. Here, we describe the development...