Abstract There are numerous applications in geodesy and other geo-sciences which the gravitational potential effect or functions of computed by forward modelling from a given mass distribution. Different volume discretisations, e.g. prisms, tesseroids layers used. In order to control numerical realisation calculation practical application, reduction tasks, these evaluation programs should be ve...

Oil tank level is an important control parameter in oil depot management. According to the principle that liquid can absorb guided wave propagation energy wall, this paper studied a non-reference detection method of external ultrasonic switch based on signal change value between current and previously signal. The experimental results show with center frequency 30 kHz sensitive low misjudgment d...

Online auction environments provide several sources of information that can be used by bidders to form their bids. One such information set that has been relatively understudied in the literature pertains to reference prices available to the bidder from other concurrent and comparable auctions. In this paper, we study how reference prices from such auctions affect bidding behavior on the focal ...

BACKGROUND Abnormal lung function is commonly identified by comparing observed spirometric values to corresponding reference values. It is recommended that such reference values for spirometry are evaluated and updated frequently. The aim of this study was to estimate new reference values for Swedish adults by fitting a multivariable regression model to a healthy non-smoking general population ...

In addition to reference measurement procedures and reference materials, reference or calibration laboratories play an integral role in the implementation of measurement traceability in routine laboratories. They provide results of measurements using higher-order methods, e.g. isotope dilution mass spectrometry and may assign values to materials to be used for external quality assessment progra...

Biomedical research networks need to integrate research data among their members and with external partners. To support such data sharing activities, an adequate information technology infrastructure is necessary. To facilitate the establishment of such an infrastructure, we developed a reference model for the requirements. The reference model consists of five reference goals and 15 reference r...

In Germany, the target values for External Quality Assessment (EQA) and internal accuracy control are determined by Reference Methods for several analytes, including cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. We present candidate Reference Methods for these compounds, based on isotope dilution-gas chromatography--mass spectrometry methods that have been developed at INSTAND, one of the tw...