OBJECTIVE To develop a consensus-based guideline to define clinical target volume for primary disease (clinical target volume primary) in external beam radiotherapy for intact uterine cervical cancer. METHODS The working subgroup of the JCOG Radiation Therapy Study Group began developing a guideline for primary clinical target volume in November 2009. The group consisted of 10 radiation oncol...

BACKGROUND Men with high-risk prostate cancer are often thought to have very poor outcomes in terms of disease control and survival even after definitive treatment. However, results after external beam radiotherapy have improved significantly through dose escalation and the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This report describes long-term findings after low-dose (< 75.6 Gy) or high-dos...

BACKGROUND Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics between conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapy (CF-EBRT) and SBRT boost after whole pelvis EBRT (WP-EBRT) in localized prostate cancer. METHODS A total of 77 patients with loc...

Introduction The effects of ionising radiation on cells are complex and include cell apoptosis, cell swelling and cell lysis, all of which affect the cellular density. The aim of this study was to investigate if the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changed before and after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in response to these effects using similar acquisition techniques to studies that hav...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to quantify a relationship between radiotherapy dose and freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. To reduce confounding we used data with a standardised end-point, mature follow-up, low competing risk of metastatic failure, conventional fractionation and separate reporting for outcomes with hormonal therapy (HT). METHODS A sy...

a he optimal treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer remains controversial. For paients with low-risk prostate cancer (Stage T1c2a, Gleason score less than 7, prostate-specific ntigen [PSA] of 10.0 ng/mL), monotherapy with adical prostatectomy, three-dimensional conforal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated T, or prostate brachytherapy results in similar iochemical relapse-free...

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers in the world. The standard treatment of endometrial cancer includes hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy, pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph node dissection/sampling, and/or adjuvant radiotherapy [1]. Selection of adjuvant therapy is based on an approximation of the risk of recurrence with features such as stage, tumor ...

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is not a first line treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), but is recommended as an adjuvant treatment in certain cases. The evidence for EBRT in DTC is limited. A comprehensive literature search was performed. Data on patient demographics, disease stage, treatment characteristics, and outcomes were collected from included articles after quality a...

background: field matching problems in abutting electron fields can be managed by using spoilers. objective: the aim of this study was to design a monte carlo framework for the assessment of spoiler application in abutting electron fields. methods: a siemens primus treatment head was simulated for a 5 mev electron beam using beamnrc and dosxyznrc, egsnrc user codes. validation of beam model was...