A novel extensional viscometer was developed to measure the extensional properties of aqueous solutions of polymeric material and coal water slurries (CWS) containing additives. When a drop of viscoelastic liquid or CWS containing additives is allowed to form at the end of a capillary tube, it starts to fall once its weight exceeds the retaining force exerted by surface tension. In experiments ...

Spatial composition tables are fundamental tools for the realisation of qualitative spatial reasoning techniques. Studying the properties of these tables in relation to the spatial calculi they are based on is essential for understanding the applicability of these calculi and how they can be extended and generalised. An extensional interpretation of a spatial composition table is an important p...

We investigated the extensional properties of wheat flour dough on the Filament Stretching Rheometer (FISER), in which the sample approaches uniform uni-axial extension flow at a constant strain rate over a large portion of the experiment, thereby allowing us to directly probe the transient material function characterizing the behavior of dough in extension. The large dynamic range of this Rheo...

We consider the role played by viscous heating in extensional flows of viscous threads with temperature-dependent viscosity. The results show that there exists an interesting interplay between the effects of viscous heating, which accelerates thinning, and inertia, which prevents pinch-off. We consider steady drawing of a thread that is fed through a fixed aperture at given speed and pulled wit...

Extensionality axioms are common when reasoning about data collections, such as arrays and functions in program analysis, or sets in mathematics. An extensionality axiom asserts that two collections are equal if they consist of the same elements at the same indices. Using extensionality is often required to show that two collections are equal. A typical example is the set theory theorem (∀x)(∀y...

Imposing an extensional uniformity condition on a non-uniform circuit complexity class C means simply intersecting C with a uniform class L. By contrast, the usual intensional uniformity conditions require that a resource-bounded machine be able to exhibit the circuits in the circuit family defining C. We say that (C,L) has the Uniformity Duality Property if the extensionally uniform class C∩L ...