We present the current development of an injector for a high-contrast, ultrashort laser system devoted to relativistic laser-plasma interaction in the few-cycle regime. The front-end is based on CEP-stabilized Ti:Sa CPA followed by XPW filter designed at the mJ level for temporal cleaning and shortening. Accurate characterization highlights the fidelity of the proposed injector. Measured CEP dr...

Emerging applications in electronic commerce of ten involve very low cost transactions which ex ecute in the context of ongoing extended client server relationships For example consider a web site server which o ers repeated authenticated personalized stock quotes to each of its subscribers clients The value of a single transaction e g de livery of a web page with a customized set of quotes doe...

The large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into power systems is expected to lead to challenges in the operation of the charging infrastructure. In this paper, we deal with the problem of an aggregator coordinating charging schedules of EVs with the objective of minimizing the total charging cost. In particular, unlike most previous studies, which assumed constant maximum charging p...

Patients with schizophrenia suffer numerous relapses and rehospitalizations that are associated with high direct and indirect medical expense. Suboptimal therapeutic efficacy and, in particular, problems with compliance are major factors leading to relapse. Atypical antipsychotic agents offer improved efficacy and a lower rate of extrapyramidal adverse effects compared with conventional antipsy...

Managing the charging process of a large number of electric vehicles to decrease the pressure on the local electricity grid is of high interest to the utilities. Using efficient mathematical optimization techniques, the charging behavior of electric vehicles shall be optimally controlled taking into account network, vehicle, and customer requirements. We developed an efficient algorithm for cal...

BACKGROUND Although previous studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of dalfampridine extended release (D-ER) tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), there are limited real-world data on D-ER utilization and associated outcomes in patients with MS. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment patterns, budget impact, and health care resource utilization (HRU...

in this paper, we introduce a model  to optimization of milk run system that is one of vrp problem with time window and uncertainty in inventory. this approach led to the routes with minimum cost of transportation while satisfying all inventory in a given bounded set of uncertainty .the problem is formulated as a robust optimization problem. since the resulted problem illustrates that grows up ...

the use of micro-controllers in actuators provides extended flexibility for on-line data acquisition and sophisticated control implementation. however, attempts to utilize the excellent features of induction motor that is deemed by its strength, robustness, high torque, and relatively low cost in actuators face a fundamental control design challenge. the purpose of this paper is to introduce th...

the hub location decision is a long term investment and any changes in it take considerable time and money. in real situations, some parameters are uncertain hence, deterministic models cannot be more efficient. the ability of two-stage stochastic programming is to make a long-term decision by considering effects of it in short term decisions simultaneously. in the two-stage stochastic programm...

The significance of indirect costs in the cost price calculation of clinical chemistry laboratory tests by way of the production centres method has been investigated. A cost structure model based on the 'production centres' method, the Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen (AZG) 1-2-3 model, is used for the calculation of cost and cost prices as an add-in tool to the spreadsheet program Lotus 1-2-3. ...