This paper explores the effects of commercial subsidies to R&D by means of a model of firms’ decisions about performing R&D when some government support can be expected. The model is estimated with an unbalanced panel sample of more than 2,000 performing and non-performing Spanish manufacturing firms. For the non-performing firms, we compute the trigger subsidies required to induce R&D spending...

By the time the Uruguay Round was commenced in 1986, agricultural protection in major economies, such as European Economic Commission, subsequently European Union, Japan and the USA had become common. In the case of Japan, given the very high opportunity cost of such protection, food security was the major concern; though politically it became connected to protecting the farmers, who had dispro...

Using dynamic programming, this paper examines effects of farm subsidies on U.S. exports of corn, cotton, rice, and wheat. The six policy simulations described here explore alternative proposals in the current round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The analysis leads to two conclusions. First, abolishing domestic subsidies lowers world prices of these crops. Second, imposing tight...

Abstract Early research has suggested the societal acceptance of hydrogen to decarbonise our energy supply is relatively high. However, specific aspects that citizens support remain unknown. To investigate public for export and domestic applications hydrogen, this study implemented an Australian nationally representative survey. Using a quasi-experimental design, information was provided respon...

Economic reform and liberalization in China have affected many institutional obstacles constraining the development and growth of Chinese small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). Using a firm-level data set that comprises all “above-scale” Chinese industrial enterprises for the period of 1995 to 2003, I investigate the patterns of entry and exit of Chinese SMEs and relate these patterns to the...

It is the Policy of Cornell University actively to support equality of educational and employment opportunity. No person shall be denied admission to any educational program or activity or be denied employment on the basis of any The University is committed to the maintenance of affirmative action programs which will assure the continuation of such equality of opportunity. It is the Policy of C...

Given China’s impending membership of the WTO, this paper makes a first attempt to predict China’s negotiating strategy in the current agricultural trade negotiations in the light of its food policy objectives, trade position and its accession offer on agriculture. China’s interests with respect to market access are seen as closer to the EU position in the negotiations, while its interests rega...