The method of moments, as presented by Isenberg and Dyson (1969; Biophys. J. 9:1337) has been shown to be a reliable way of obtaining the amplitudes and time constants of several simultaneously emitting species, even in the presence of an overlapping excitation. Recent improvements in the method include (a) a component incrementation test for determining the number of relaxations, (b) a procedu...

It was conjectured by \v{C}ern\'y in 1964, that a synchronizing DFA on $n$ states always has a synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$, and he gave a sequence of DFAs for which this bound is reached. Until now a full analysis of all DFAs reaching this bound was only given for $n \leq 4$, and with bounds on the number of symbols for $n \leq 10$. Here we give the full analysis for $n \leq ...

Methods have been developed for chemical transformation and electro-transformation (electroporation) of vegetative cells of Bacillus anthracis with supercoiled plasmid DNA. Chemical transformation was dependent on incubation in Tris/HCl with osmotic support and transformation with plasmid DNA was effected by treatment with polyethylene glycol 3350. Maximum transformation frequencies were 3.8 x ...

A new definition of a multivalued logarithm on time scales is introduced for delta-differentiable functions that never vanish. This arises naturally from the cylinder transformation also wellspring exponential scales. will lead to function arbitrary with familiar and useful properties previous definitions in literature lacked.

Global optimization of mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems containing signomial terms is in many cases a difficult task, and many different approaches to solve these problems have been devised. In Westerlund (2005) a method where a relaxed convex relaxation of the original problem is obtained by approximating single-variable transformations with piecewise linear functions (PLFs...

The phase transition of crystalline ordering is a general phenomenon, but its evolution in space and time requires microscopic probes for visualization. Here we report direct imaging of the transformation of amorphous titanium dioxide nanofilm, from the liquid state, passing through the nucleation step and finally to the ordered crystal phase. Single-pulse transient diffraction profiles at diff...

It is shown that all simple ecological, i.e. population dynamical equations (unlimited exponential population growth (or decrease) dynamics, logistic or Verhulst equation, usual and generalized Lotka-Volterra equations) hold a symmetry, called CEPT symmetry. Namely, all simple ecological dynamical equations are invariant (symmetric) in respect to successive application of the time reversal tran...

The energy minimization involved in density functional calculations of electronic systems can be carried out using an exponential transformation that preserves the orthonormality orbitals. system is then represented as a function elements skew-Hermitian matrix optimized directly unconstrained methods. An implementation based on limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno approach with inexa...

In this study a new approach to rank exponential fuzzy numbers using  -cuts is established. The metric distance of the interval numbers is extended to exponential fuzzy numbers. By using the ranking of exponential fuzzy numbers and using  -cuts the critical path of a project network is solved and illustrated by numerical examples. Keywords: Exponential Fuzzy Numbers,  -cuts, Metric Dista...